Editing Cubism (section)

{{Short description|20th-century avant-garde art movement}}
{{Redirect|Cubist|the company|Cubist Pharmaceuticals}}
{{Distinguish|QBism}}
[[File:Pablo Picasso, 1910, Girl with a Mandolin (Fanny Tellier), oil on canvas, 100.3 x 73.6 cm, Museum of Modern Art New York..jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|[[Pablo Picasso]], 1910, ''[[Girl with a Mandolin|Girl with a Mandolin (Fanny Tellier)]]'', oil on canvas, 100.3 × 73.6&nbsp;cm, [[Museum of Modern Art]], New York]]

'''Cubism''' is an early-20th-century [[avant-garde]] [[art movement]] which began in [[Paris]]. It revolutionized [[painting]] and the visual arts, and sparked artistic innovations in [[music]], [[ballet]], [[literature]], and [[architecture]].

Cubist subjects are analyzed, broken up, and reassembled in an abstract form. Instead of depicting objects from a single perspective, the artist depicts the subject from multiple perspectives to represent the subject in a greater context.<ref>Jean Metzinger, ''Note sur la peinture'', Pan (Paris), October–November 1910</ref> Cubism has been considered the most influential art movement of the 20th century.<ref name="moma.org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.moma.org/collection/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813112047/http://www.moma.org/collection/details.php?theme_id=10068&displayall=1|url-status=dead|title=The Collection &#124; MoMA|archivedate=August 13, 2014|website=The Museum of Modern Art}}</ref><ref>[http://www.metmuseum.org/about-the-museum/press-room/exhibitions/2014/cubism-the-leonard-lauder-collection ''Cubism: The Leonard A. Lauder Collection'', The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 2014] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517015704/http://www.metmuseum.org/about-the-museum/press-room/exhibitions/2014/cubism-the-leonard-lauder-collection |date=2015-05-17 }}</ref> The term ''cubism'' is broadly associated with a variety of artworks produced in Paris ([[Montmartre]] and [[Montparnasse]]) or near Paris ([[Puteaux]]) during the 1910s and throughout the 1920s.

The movement was pioneered in partnership by [[Pablo Picasso]] and [[Georges Braque]], and joined by [[Jean Metzinger]], [[Albert Gleizes]], [[Robert Delaunay]], [[Henri Le Fauconnier]], [[Juan Gris]], and [[Fernand Léger]].<ref name="MomaT02054">{{Cite web|url=https://www.moma.org/collection/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140613022945/http://www.moma.org/collection/details.php?theme_id=10068&section_id=T020541|url-status=dead|title=The Collection &#124; MoMA|archivedate=June 13, 2014|website=The Museum of Modern Art}}</ref> One primary influence that led to Cubism was the representation of [[three-dimensional space|three-dimensional]] form in the late works of [[Paul Cézanne]].<ref name="moma.org"/> A retrospective of Cézanne's paintings was held at the {{lang|fr|[[Salon d'Automne]]|italic=no}} of 1904, current works were displayed at the 1905 and 1906 {{lang|fr|Salon d'Automne|italic=no}}, followed by two commemorative retrospectives after his death in 1907.<ref name="Joann Moser">Joann Moser, ''Jean Metzinger in Retrospect, Pre-Cubist works, 1904–1909'', The University of Iowa Museum of Art, J. Paul Getty Trust, University of Washington Press 1985, pp. 34–42</ref>

In France, offshoots of Cubism developed, including [[Orphism (art)|Orphism]], [[abstract art]] and later [[Purism]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moma.org/collection/|title=The Collection &#124; MoMA|website=The Museum of Modern Art}}</ref><ref>[http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/geab/hd_geab.htm Magdalena Dabrowski, ''Geometric Abstraction'', Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 2000]</ref> The impact of Cubism was far-reaching and wide-ranging in the arts and in popular culture. Cubism introduced [[collage]] as a modern art form. In France and other countries [[Futurism]], [[Suprematism]], [[Dada]], [[Constructivism (art)|Constructivism]], [[De Stijl]] and [[Art Deco]] developed in response to Cubism.<ref name="MomaT02054"/> Early Futurist paintings hold in common with Cubism the fusing of the past and the present, the representation of different views of the subject pictured at the same time or successively, also called multiple perspective, simultaneity or multiplicity,<ref name="MoMA, Meanings and interpretations">{{Cite web|url=https://www.moma.org/collection/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702090838/http://www.moma.org/collection/details.php?theme_id=10068&section_id=T020544|url-status=dead|title=The Collection &#124; MoMA|archivedate=July 2, 2015|website=The Museum of Modern Art}}</ref> while Constructivism was influenced by Picasso's technique of constructing sculpture from separate elements.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moma.org/collection/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024234226/http://www.moma.org/collection/details.php?theme_id=10955&section_id=T019195|url-status=dead|title=The Collection &#124; MoMA|archivedate=October 24, 2008|website=The Museum of Modern Art}}</ref> Other common threads between these disparate movements include the faceting or simplification of geometric forms, and the association of mechanization and modern life.