Editing DNA-binding protein (section)

{{short description|Proteins that bind with DNA, such as transcription factors, polymerases, nucleases and histones}}
[[Image:Cro protein complex with DNA.png|thumb|[[Cro repressor family|Cro]] protein complex with DNA]]
[[Image:Nucleosome1.png|thumb|Interaction of DNA (orange) with [[histone]]s (blue). These proteins' basic amino acids bind to the acidic phosphate groups on DNA.]]

[[Image:Lambda repressor 1LMB.png|thumb|right|185px|The [[Lambda phage|lambda]] [[repressor]] [[helix-turn-helix]] transcription factor bound to its DNA target<ref>Created from [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1LMB PDB 1LMB]</ref>]]
[[Image:EcoRV 1RVA.png|thumb|The [[restriction enzyme]] [[EcoRV]] (green) in a complex with its substrate DNA<ref>Created from [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1RVA PDB 1RVA]</ref>]]
'''DNA-binding proteins''' are [[protein]]s that have [[DNA-binding domain]]s and thus have a specific or general affinity for [[DNA#Base pairing|single- or double-stranded DNA]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Travers, A. A. |title=DNA-protein interactions |publisher=Springer |location=London |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-412-25990-6 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Pabo CO, Sauer RT |title=Protein-DNA recognition |journal=Annu. Rev. Biochem. |volume=53 |issue= 1|pages=293–321 |year=1984 |pmid=6236744 |doi=10.1146/annurev.bi.53.070184.001453 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi= 10.1038/scientificamerican1283-94 |author= Dickerson R.E. |title=The DNA helix and how it is read |journal=Sci Am |year= 1983 |volume=249 |issue= 6 |pages=94–111|bibcode=1983SciAm.249f..94D }}</ref> Sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins generally interact with the [[major groove]] of [[B-DNA]], because it exposes more [[functional group]]s that identify a [[base pair]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Zimmer C, Wähnert U |title=Nonintercalating DNA-binding ligands: specificity of the interaction and their use as tools in biophysical, biochemical and biological investigations of the genetic material |journal=Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=31–112 |year=1986 |pmid=2422697 |doi= 10.1016/0079-6107(86)90005-2 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Dervan PB |title=Design of sequence-specific DNA-binding molecules |journal=Science |volume=232 |issue=4749 |pages=464–71 |date=April 1986 |pmid=2421408 |doi= 10.1126/science.2421408|bibcode=1986Sci...232..464D }}</ref>