Editing DNA computing (section)

{{Short description|Computing using molecular biology hardware}}
[[File:DNA orbit animated.gif|thumb|The biocompatible computing device: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)]]
'''DNA computing''' is an emerging branch of [[unconventional computing]] which uses [[DNA]], [[biochemistry]], and [[molecular biology]] hardware, instead of the traditional [[electronic computing]].  Research and development in this area concerns theory, experiments, and applications of DNA computing. Although the field originally started with the demonstration of a computing application by [[Leonard Adleman|Len Adleman]] in 1994, it has now been expanded to several other avenues such as the development of storage technologies,<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|last1=Church|first1=G. M.|last2=Gao|first2=Y.|last3=Kosuri|first3=S.|date=2012-08-16|title=Next-Generation Digital Information Storage in DNA|journal=Science|volume=337|issue=6102|pages=1628|doi=10.1126/science.1226355|pmid=22903519|bibcode=2012Sci...337.1628C|s2cid=934617|issn=0036-8075|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Erlich|first1=Yaniv|last2=Zielinski|first2=Dina|date=2017-03-02|title=DNA Fountain enables a robust and efficient storage architecture|journal=Science|volume=355|issue=6328|pages=950–954|doi=10.1126/science.aaj2038|pmid=28254941|bibcode=2017Sci...355..950E|s2cid=13470340|issn=0036-8075|url=https://zenodo.org/record/889697}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Organick|first1=Lee|last2=Ang|first2=Siena Dumas|last3=Chen|first3=Yuan-Jyue|last4=Lopez|first4=Randolph|last5=Yekhanin|first5=Sergey|last6=Makarychev|first6=Konstantin|last7=Racz|first7=Miklos Z.|last8=Kamath|first8=Govinda|last9=Gopalan|first9=Parikshit|last10=Nguyen|first10=Bichlien|last11=Takahashi|first11=Christopher N.|date=March 2018|title=Random access in large-scale DNA data storage|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt.4079|journal=Nature Biotechnology|language=en|volume=36|issue=3|pages=242–248|doi=10.1038/nbt.4079|pmid=29457795|s2cid=205285821|issn=1546-1696}}</ref> nanoscale imaging modalities,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Shah|first1=Shalin|last2=Dubey|first2=Abhishek K.|last3=Reif|first3=John|date=2019-04-10|title=Programming Temporal DNA Barcodes for Single-Molecule Fingerprinting|journal=Nano Letters|volume=19|issue=4|pages=2668–2673|doi=10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00590|pmid=30896178|bibcode=2019NanoL..19.2668S|s2cid=84841635|issn=1530-6984}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sharonov|first1=Alexey|last2=Hochstrasser|first2=Robin M.|date=2006-12-12|title=Wide-field subdiffraction imaging by accumulated binding of diffusing probes|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=103|issue=50|pages=18911–18916|doi=10.1073/pnas.0609643104|issn=0027-8424|pmid=17142314|pmc=1748151|bibcode=2006PNAS..10318911S|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last1=Jungmann|first1=Ralf|last2=Avendaño|first2=Maier S.|last3=Dai|first3=Mingjie|last4=Woehrstein|first4=Johannes B.|last5=Agasti|first5=Sarit S.|last6=Feiger|first6=Zachary|last7=Rodal|first7=Avital|last8=Yin|first8=Peng|date=May 2016|title=Quantitative super-resolution imaging with qPAINT|journal=Nature Methods|language=en|volume=13|issue=5|pages=439–442|doi=10.1038/nmeth.3804|pmid=27018580|pmc=4941813|issn=1548-7105}}</ref> synthetic controllers and reaction networks,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Shah|first1=Shalin|last2=Wee|first2=Jasmine|last3=Song|first3=Tianqi|last4=Ceze|first4=Luis|last5=Strauss|first5=Karin|author5-link=Karin Strauss|last6=Chen|first6=Yuan-Jyue|last7=Reif|first7=John|date=2020-05-04|title=Using Strand Displacing Polymerase To Program Chemical Reaction Networks|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=142|issue=21|pages=9587–9593|doi=10.1021/jacs.0c02240|pmid=32364723|s2cid=218504535|issn=0002-7863}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Yuan-Jyue|last2=Dalchau|first2=Neil|last3=Srinivas|first3=Niranjan|last4=Phillips|first4=Andrew|last5=Cardelli|first5=Luca|last6=Soloveichik|first6=David|last7=Seelig|first7=Georg|date=October 2013|title=Programmable chemical controllers made from DNA|journal=Nature Nanotechnology|language=en|volume=8|issue=10|pages=755–762|doi=10.1038/nnano.2013.189|pmid=24077029|pmc=4150546|bibcode=2013NatNa...8..755C|issn=1748-3395}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Srinivas|first1=Niranjan|last2=Parkin|first2=James|last3=Seelig|first3=Georg|last4=Winfree|first4=Erik|last5=Soloveichik|first5=David|date=2017-12-15|title=Enzyme-free nucleic acid dynamical systems|journal=Science|language=en|volume=358|issue=6369|pages=eaal2052|doi=10.1126/science.aal2052|issn=0036-8075|pmid=29242317|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Soloveichik|first1=David|last2=Seelig|first2=Georg|last3=Winfree|first3=Erik|date=2010-03-23|title=DNA as a universal substrate for chemical kinetics|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=107|issue=12|pages=5393–5398|doi=10.1073/pnas.0909380107|issn=0027-8424|pmid=20203007|pmc=2851759|bibcode=2010PNAS..107.5393S|doi-access=free}}</ref> etc.