Editing DNA profiling (section)

{{Short description|Technique used to identify individuals via DNA characteristics}}
{{For|DNA testing for inherited diseases|Genetic testing}}
{{Distinguish|DNA phenotyping}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
[[File:DNA double helix horizontal.png|thumb|The DNA double helix]]
{{Forensic science|physio}}
'''DNA profiling''' (also called '''DNA fingerprinting''' and '''genetic fingerprinting''') is the process of determining an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid ([[DNA]]) characteristics. DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called [[DNA barcoding]].

DNA profiling is a [[Forensic DNA analysis|forensic]] technique in [[criminal investigation]]s, comparing criminal suspects' profiles to DNA evidence so as to assess the likelihood of their involvement in the crime.<ref name="Eureka">{{Cite news |date=24 May 2009 |title=Eureka moment that led to the discovery of DNA fingerprinting |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/may/24/dna-fingerprinting-alec-jeffreys |url-status=live |access-date=11 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426075251/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/may/24/dna-fingerprinting-alec-jeffreys |archive-date=26 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| vauthors = Murphy E |date=13 October 2017|title=Forensic DNA Typing|journal=Annual Review of Criminology|volume=1|pages=497–515|doi=10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-092127|issn=2572-4568}}</ref> It is also used in [[DNA paternity testing|paternity testing]],<ref>Petersen, K., J.. ''Handbook of Surveillance Technologies''. 3rd ed. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press, 2012. p815</ref> to establish immigration eligibility,<ref name="BBC">{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/8245312.stm | title = DNA pioneer's 'eureka' momen | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170822224619/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/8245312.stm | archive-date=22 August 2017 | work = BBC | date = 9 September 2009 | access-date = 14 October 2011 }}</ref> and in [[Genealogy|genealogical]] and medical research. DNA profiling has also been used in the study of animal and plant populations in the fields of zoology, botany, and agriculture.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chambers GK, Curtis C, Millar CD, Huynen L, Lambert DM | title = DNA fingerprinting in zoology: past, present, future | journal = Investigative Genetics | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 3 | date = February 2014 | pmid = 24490906 | pmc = 3909909 | doi = 10.1186/2041-2223-5-3 | doi-access = free }}</ref>