Editing Damask (section)

{{Short description|Reversible figured woven fabric}}
{{About|a type of fabric|the capital of [[Syria]]|Damascus|other uses}}

[[Image:ItalianSilkDamask.jpg|thumb|right|Italian silk polychrome damasks, 14th century]]
'''Damask''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|æ|m|ə|s|k}}; {{langx|ar|دمشق}}) is a woven, [[Reversible garment|reversible]] patterned [[Textile|fabric]]. Damasks are woven by periodically reversing the action of the warp and weft threads.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last1=Reath |first1=N. A. |last2=Jayne |first2=Horace H. F. |date=1924 |title=A Classification of Hand-Loom Fabrics |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3794229 |journal=Bulletin of the Pennsylvania Museum |volume=20 |issue=89 |pages=23–34 |doi=10.2307/3794229 |jstor=3794229 |issn=0891-3609|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The pattern is most commonly created with a warp-faced [[satin]] weave and the ground with a weft-faced or [[sateen]] weave.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kadolph |first=Sara J. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm65197813 |title=Textiles |date=2007 |publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall |isbn=978-0-13-118769-6 |edition=10th |location=Upper Saddle River, N.J |oclc=ocm65197813}}</ref> [[Yarns]] used to create damasks include [[silk]], [[wool]], [[linen]], [[cotton]], and [[synthetic fiber]]s, but damask is best shown in cotton and linen.<ref name=":02"/> Over time, damask has become a broader term for woven fabrics with a reversible pattern, not just silks.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Damask {{!}} Damask Weaving, Silk Fabric, Jacquard Loom {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/damask |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

There are a few types of damask: true, single, compound, and twill. True damask is made entirely of silk.<ref name=":12"/> Single damask has only one set of warps and wefts and thus is made of up to two colors. Compound damask has more than one set of warps and wefts and can include more than two colors.<ref name=":12" /> Twill damasks include a [[twill]]-woven ground or pattern.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dimitrova |first=Kate |date=2009-10-22 |title=Kate Dimitrova. Review of "Merchants, Princes and Painters: Silk Fabrics in Italian and Northern Paintings, 1300–1550" by Lisa Monnas. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3202/caa.reviews.2009.107 |journal=Caa.reviews |doi=10.3202/caa.reviews.2009.107 |issn=1543-950X|doi-access=free }}</ref>