Editing Daniel arap Moi (section)

{{Short description|President of Kenya from 1978 to 2002}}
{{Use Kenyan English|date=October 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{hatnote|This article is about a person whose name includes a [[patronymic]]. As such, this person should normally be referred to by their [[given name]], Daniel.}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix    = [[His Excellency]]
| name                = <!-- defaults to article title when left blank -->
| honorific_suffix    = {{post-nominals|country=KEN|CGH|size=100%}}
| birth_name          = Toroitich Arap Moi
| image               = Daniel arap Moi 1979b.jpg
| caption             = Moi in 1978
| order               = 2nd
| office              = President of Kenya
| term_start          = 22 August 1978
| term_end            = 30 December 2002 <br><small>Acting to 14 October 1978</small>
| vicepresident       = {{Plainlist|
* Mwai Kibaki
* [[Josephat Karanja]]
* [[George Saitoti]]
* [[Musalia Mudavadi]]
}}
| predecessor         = [[Jomo Kenyatta]]
| successor           = [[Mwai Kibaki]]
| order2              = 
| office2             = [[Chairperson of the OAU]]
| term_start2         = 24 June 1981
| term_end2           = 6 June 1983
| predecessor2        = [[Siaka Stevens]]
| successor2          = [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]]
| order3              = 3rd
| office3             = Vice President of Kenya
| term_start3         = 5 January 1967
| term_end3           = 22 August 1978
| president3          = Jomo Kenyatta
| predecessor3        = [[Joseph Murumbi]]
| successor3          = Mwai Kibaki
| office4             = Minister for Home Affairs
| term_start4         = 28 December 1964
| term_end4           = 9 April 1978
| president4          = Jomo Kenyatta
| predecessor4        = 
| successor4          = 
| office5             = [[Member of Parliament (Kenya)|Member of Parliament]]
| term_start5         = 5 December 1963
| term_end5           = 20 December 2002
| predecessor5        = 
| successor5          = [[Gideon Moi]]
| constituency5       = {{Plainlist|
* [[Baringo North Constituency|Baringo North]] (1963–1967)
* [[Baringo Central Constituency|Baringo Central]] (1967–2002)
}}
| birth_date          = {{Birth date|1924|9|2|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Sacho]], Baringo, [[Kenya&nbsp;Colony]]
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|2020|2|4|1924|9|2|df=y}}
| death_place         = [[Nairobi]], Kenya
| party               = {{Plainlist|
* [[Kenya African National Union|KANU]]
* [[Kenya African Democratic Union|KADU]] (1960–1964)
}}
| spouse              = {{marriage|{{ill|v=ib|Lena Moi|lt=Lena Bomett|simple}}|1950|1974|end=sep.}}<ref name="Moi1">{{Cite news |last=John Kamau |title=The First Lady Kenya never had |date=17 November 2013 |url=http://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/DN2/The-First-Lady-Kenya-never-had/-/957860/2076766/-/7k1x1iz/-/index.html |access-date=18 November 2013 |archive-date=19 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131119230726/http://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/DN2/The-First-Lady-Kenya-never-had/-/957860/2076766/-/7k1x1iz/-/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| children            = 8, including {{enum|{{#ifexist: Jonathan Toroitich Moi|[[Jonathan Toroitich Moi|Jonathan Toroitich]]}}|[[Gideon Moi|Gideon]]}}
| alma_mater          = [[Tambach Teachers Training College|Tambach TTC]]
| profession          = Teacher
| signature           = Arap moi Signature.svg
| signature_alt       = 
| website             = 
| footnotes           = 
| awards              = [[Silver World Award]] (1981)
| nickname            = 
}}

'''Daniel Toroitich arap Moi''' {{post-nominals|country=KEN|CGH}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|oː|iː}} {{respell|MOH|ee}}; 2 September 1924 – 4 February 2020)<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5VO4AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA272 |title=Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders |last1=East |first1=Roger |last2=Thomas |first2=Richard J. |date=3 June 2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317639404 |access-date=27 May 2017 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530140822/https://books.google.com/books?id=5VO4AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA272#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> was a Kenyan politician who served as the second [[president of Kenya]] from 1978 to 2002. He is the country's longest-serving president to date. Moi previously served as the third [[vice president of Kenya]] from 1967 to 1978 under President [[Jomo Kenyatta]], becoming the president following the latter's death.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001359676/live-updates-and-photos-president-uhuru-views-moi-s-remains |title=Live updates and photos: Mzee Moi's remains at Parliament Buildings |access-date=9 March 2024 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309140458/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/amp/article/2001359676/live-updates-and-photos-president-uhuru-views-moi-s-remains |url-status=live }}</ref>

Born into the [[Tugen people|Tugen]] sub-group of the [[Kalenjin people]] in the [[Kenyan Rift Valley]], Moi studied as a boy at the [[Africa Inland Mission]] school before training as a teacher at the Tambach teachers training college, working in that profession until 1955. He then entered politics and was elected a member of the Legislative Council for Rift Valley. As independence approached, Moi joined the Kenyan delegation which travelled to London for the [[Lancaster House Conferences (Kenya)|Lancaster House Conferences]], where the country's first post-independence constitution was drafted. In 1960, he founded the [[Kenya African Democratic Union]] (KADU) as a rival party to Kenyatta's [[Kenya African National Union]] (KANU). Following independence in 1963, Kenyatta who became [[Prime Minister of Kenya|Prime Minister]] and later President of the new nation, convinced Moi to merge the two parties. Kenyatta appointed Moi to his government in 1964 and then promoted him to vice-president in 1967. Despite opposition from a [[Kikuyu people|Kikuyu]] elite known as the [[Kiambu Mafia]], Kenyatta retained Moi as his Vice President. Moi took over as president when Kenyatta died in 1978.

Initially popular both nationally and in [[Western world|Western countries]], who saw his regime as countering against influences from the [[Eastern Bloc]]-aligned governments of [[Derg|Ethiopia]] and [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi|Tanzania]], Moi's popularity fell around 1990 as the economy stagnated after the end of the [[Cold War]]. Following the agitation and external pressure, he was forced to allow multiparty elections in 1991. He then led his party, KANU, to victory in the [[1992 Kenyan general election|1992]] and [[1997 Kenyan general election|1997 elections]],<ref>{{Cite web |last= |author-link=State House (Kenya) |title=Profile of Daniel arap Moi |url=http://www.statehousekenya.go.ke/presidents/moi/profile.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705160330/http://www.statehousekenya.go.ke/presidents/moi/profile.htm |archive-date=2014-07-05 |access-date=19 August 2012 |publisher=[[State House (Kenya)|State House]]}}</ref> both of which have generally been regarded as neither free nor fair by independent observers.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Carver |first1=Richard |title=Kenya Since the Elections |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a6c2c.html |website=Refworld |publisher=WRITENET |access-date=29 January 2022 |date=1 January 1994 |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307181659/https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a6c2c.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Atwood |first1=J. Brian |title=Kenya's Rigged Election |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1992/0902/02191.html |website=csmonitor.com |publisher=The Christian Science Monitor |access-date=29 January 2022 |date=2 September 1992 |archive-date=29 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129142830/https://www.csmonitor.com/1992/0902/02191.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ajulu |first1=Rok |title=Kenya's Democracy Experiment: The 1997 Elections |journal=Review of African Political Economy |date=June 1998 |volume=25 |issue=76 |pages=275–285 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4006548 |access-date=29 January 2022 |publisher=Taylor & Francis, Ltd. |doi=10.1080/03056249808704315 |jstor=4006548 |issn=0305-6244|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Arne Tostensen, Bård-Anders Andreassen and Kjetil Tronvoll |title=Kenya's hobbled democracy revisited: the 1997 general elections in retrospect and prospect |journal=Human Rights Reports |date=February 1998 |issue=2 |url=https://www.cmi.no/publications/1132-kenyas-hobbled-democracy-revisited |access-date=29 January 2022 |publisher=Norwegian Institute of Human Rights |oclc=41330580 |archive-date=29 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129142832/https://www.cmi.no/publications/1132-kenyas-hobbled-democracy-revisited |url-status=live }}</ref> Constitutionally barred from seeking a third term, Moi chose [[Uhuru Kenyatta]] as his successor, but Kenyatta was defeated by opposition leader [[Mwai Kibaki]] in the 2002 general election, and Kibaki succeeded Moi as president. Kenyatta would eventually win the presidency in the [[2013 Kenyan general election|2013 election]].

Moi's regime was deemed dictatorial especially before 1992 when Kenya was a [[one-party state]]. Human rights organisations such as [[Amnesty International]], as well as a special investigation by the United Nations, accused Moi of [[Human rights in Kenya|human rights abuses]] during his presidency. Inquiries held after the end of his presidency found evidence that Moi and his sons had engaged in significant levels of corruption, including the 1990s [[Goldenberg scandal]].<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/kenya-president-daniel-arap-moi-died-age-96-200204041905953.html Kenya's former President Daniel arap Moi has died, aged 96]{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Al Jazeera, 4 February 2020</ref>