Editing Dark wave (section)

{{Short description|Genre of music}}
{{For|the 1956 documentary film|The Dark Wave}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox music genre
| name = Dark wave
| other_names = {{hlist|Doom<ref name="Richard" />|doom wave<ref>Dumeier, Michael: ''Smalltalk & Concerts'', The Mettmist music magazine, issue 1, 1984, p.&nbsp;24<br />Janning, Frank: ''The Lawyers of Death'', [[Spex (magazine)|SPEX]]. Musik zur Zeit, issue 9/86, September 1986, p.&nbsp;10<br />Schubert, Dieter: ''Was ist ein Perfect Beat?'', My Way music magazine, issue 9, 1988, p.&nbsp;20</ref>}}
| stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[New wave music|New wave]]<ref name="Vice2012">{{cite web|last1=Ogiba|first1=Jeff|title=A Brief History of Musical Waves from NEW to NEXT|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/a-brief-history-of-musical-waves-from-new-to-next/|website=Vice|date=11 July 2012}}<br /> "Dark Wave was another late-'70s off-shoot of New Wave. The genre contained the gloomiest of the groups, featuring with slower tempos, deeper vocals, and intense lyrical content. Some bands include the Danse Society, the Sisters of Mercy, and Bauhaus. The Dark Wavers still exist, and the popularity of the genre has seen a revival in recent years."</ref>|[[post-punk]]<ref>Webb, Peter: ''Exploring the Networked Worlds of Popular Music'', Routledge Chapman & Hall, 2007, {{ISBN|0-415-95658-7}}, p.&nbsp;60</ref>}}
| cultural_origins = Late 1970s – early 1980s, Europe (particularly in the United Kingdom, West Germany, Belgium, France and Italy)
| instruments = {{hlist|[[Guitar]]|[[bass guitar]]|[[drums]]|[[drum machine]]|[[synthesizer]]|[[Sampler (musical instrument)|sampler]]|[[violin]]|[[cello]]|[[piano]]|[[Percussion instrument|percussion]]}}
| subgenrelist = 
| subgenres = {{hlist|[[Dark cabaret|Cabaret noir]]|[[Cold wave (music)|cold wave]]|[[ethereal wave]]|[[gothic rock]]|[[neoclassical dark wave|neoclassical]]|[[neofolk]]| [[Neue Deutsche Todeskunst]]}}
| fusiongenres = 
| regional_scenes = {{hlist|[[Cold wave (music)|France]]|[[Neue Deutsche Todeskunst|Germany]]}}
| other_topics = 
}}
'''Dark wave''', or '''darkwave''', is a music genre that emerged from the [[New wave music|new wave]] and [[post-punk]] movement of the late 1970s.<ref name="Dittmann139">{{cite book|last1=Farin|first1=Klaus|last2=Neubauer|first2=Hendrik|title=Artificial Tribes: Jugendliche Stammeskulturen in Deutschland|date=2001|oclc=493304020|publisher=Tilsner|location=Bad Tölz|isbn=3-933773-11-3|page=139|edition=Orig.-Ausg.}}</ref><ref name="Hornberger">{{cite book | first1=Thomas | last1=Hecken | first2=Marcus S. | last2=Kleiner | title=Handbuch Popkultur | publisher=J. B. Metzler Verlag | year=2017 | isbn=978-3-476-02677-4 | page=79}}</ref> Dark wave compositions are largely based on [[Key (music)|minor key]] tonality and introspective lyrics and have been perceived as being dark, romantic and bleak, with an undertone of sorrow.<ref name="Dittmann139" /><ref>Schmidt, Axel; Neumann-Braun, Klaus: ''Die Welt der Gothics. Spielräume düster konnotierter Transzendenz.'', Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften 2004, {{ISBN|3-531-14353-0}}, p.&nbsp;270<br />"Textlich und musikalisch ergibt sich für Dark Wave ein Stimmungsbild, das sich gezähmt zwischen Härte und Romantik bewegt, sehnsuchtsvoll und melancholisch, Wut kommt kaum aggressiv zum Ausdruck, alles wirkt ausgewogen und reflektiert."</ref> Common features include the use of [[chordophone]]s such as electric and acoustic guitar, violin and piano, as well as electronic instruments such as synthesizer, sampler and drum machine. Like new wave, dark wave is not considered an "unified genre but rather an umbrella term"<ref name="SAGE727">{{cite book |title=The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Music and Culture |editor-first=Janet |editor-last=Sturman |first=Eric S. |last=Strother |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9TuKDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22dark+wave%22&pg=PA727 |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE Publications]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-50635-338-8|page=727}}</ref> that encompasses a variety of musical styles, including [[Cold wave (music)|cold wave]],<ref name="Schilz84">Schilz, Andrea: ''Flyer der Schwarzen Szene Deutschlands: Visualisierungen, Strukturen, Mentalitäten.'' Waxmann Verlag, 2010, {{ISBN|978-3-8309-2097-7}}, p.&nbsp;84.<br />"Dark Wave ist ein ... Oberbegriff für düstere Spielarten des Wave, der auch Gothic darunter subsumiert. Cold Wave bezeichnet eine Untergattung experimenteller, minimalistischer Elektronikmusik aus Frankreich."</ref> [[ethereal wave]],<ref>{{Cite journal |first=Bryan |last=Reesman |title=The Scene Is Now: Dark Wave |journal=[[CMJ#CMJ New Music Monthly|CMJ New Music Monthly]] |issue=68 |page=48 |date=April 1999 |quote=Female vocals, both wispy and operatic, have become fashionable, particularly in the Ethereal subgenre}}.</ref> [[gothic rock]],<ref name="Schilz84" /><ref name="Uecker">Uecker, Susann: ''Mit High-Heels im Stechschritt'', Hirnkost Verlag, 2014, {{ISBN|3-943-77453-8}}<br />"Die Dark-Wave-Szene unterteilt sich unter anderem in den klassischen Dark Wave, den Gothic-Rock, elektronische Gruppen oder auch den Neofolk."</ref><ref name="Hornberger" /> [[neoclassical dark wave]]<ref name="Duden">Carstens, Olaf; Thalhofer, Frank: ''Duden - Das Fremdwörterbuch'', Bibliographisches Institut, Auflage 11, 2015, {{ISBN|3-411-04061-0}}, p.&nbsp;726<br />"Genre der Dark-Wave-Musik, das durch verschiedene Stilmittel und Komponisten der Romantik, der Alten Musik oder der Neuen Musik inspiriert ist."</ref> and [[neofolk]].<ref name="Uecker" />

In the 1980s, a subculture developed primarily in Europe alongside dark wave music, whose followers were called "wavers"<ref>{{cite book|last1=Farin|first1=Klaus|last2=Wallraff|first2=Kirsten|last3=Archiv der Jugendkulturen e.V., Berlin|title=Die Gothics : Interviews, Fotografien|date=1999|publisher=Tilsner|location=Bad Tölz|page=60|isbn=9783933773098|edition=Orig.-Ausg.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Matzke|first1=Peter|last2=Seeliger|first2=Tobias|title=Die schwarze Musik-Szene in Deutschland|date=2002|oclc=742385153|publisher=Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf|location=Berlin|isbn=3-89602-332-2|page=217|edition=2., erg. Aufl.}}</ref> or "dark wavers".<ref>Haumann, Melanie: ''Fetisch Weiblichkeit. Der Mythos der schönen Frau?'', Verlag für Wissenschaft und Forschung, 2001, {{ISBN|3-897-00326-0}}, p.&nbsp;2<br />"Die Dark Waver, Waver – oder belächelnd auch "Grufties" genannt – sind eine Jugendkultur, die in den 80er Jahren aus der Punk-Bewegung entstanden ist."</ref><ref>Farin, Klaus: ''Jugend, Gesellschaft und Recht im neuen Jahrtausend'', Forum Verlag Godesberg, 2003, {{ISBN|3-930-98284-6}}, p.&nbsp;66</ref> In some countries, most notably Germany, the movement also included fans of gothic rock<ref name="Richard">{{cite book | first1=Shirley R. | last1=Steinberg | first2=Priya | last2=Parmar | first3=Birgit | last3=Richard | title=Contemporary Youth Culture. An International Encyclopedia. Volume II. | publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group | year=2005 | isbn=0-313-33729-2 | page=[https://archive.org/details/contemporaryyout0000unse/page/431 431] | url=https://archive.org/details/contemporaryyout0000unse/page/431 }}<br />"The subculture of the Goths (in Germany called "Grufties") started in Britain in the early 1980s and derives from the gloomy, resigned side of punk and new wave, in the field of music called 'dark wave' or 'doom.'"</ref> (so-called "trad-goths").<ref>Hodkinson, Paul: ''Goth. Identity, Style and Subculture'', Bloomsbury Academic, 2002, {{ISBN|1-859-73605-X}}, p.&nbsp;50</ref>