Editing David Bohm (section)

{{Short description|American-British scientist (1917–1992)}}
{{for|the American bicycle framebuilder|David Henry Bohm}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = David Bohm
| image             = David Bohm.jpg
| caption           =
| birth_name        = David Joseph Bohm
| birth_date        = {{birth date|df=y|1917|12|20}}
| birth_place       = [[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania]], US
| death_date        = {{death date and age|df=y|1992|10|27|1917|12|20}}
| death_place       = [[London]], England, UK
| nationality       = American-Brazilian-British
| citizenship       = {{hlist |class=nowrap |American |Brazilian |British}}
| fields            = [[Theoretical physics]]
| workplaces        = {{Unbulleted list |item_style=padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.15em |  [[Princeton University]] |  [[University of São Paulo]] |  [[Technion]] |  [[University of Bristol]] | [[Birkbeck, University of London|Birkbeck College, London]]}}
| alma_mater        = {{Unbulleted list |item_style=padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.15em | [[Pennsylvania State University|Pennsylvania State College]]<!-- {{smaller|(to 1939)}}--> | [[California Institute of Technology]]<!-- {{smaller|(1939–40)}}--> | [[University of California, Berkeley]]<!-- {{smaller|(PhD 1943)}}-->}}
| doctoral_advisor  = [[Robert Oppenheimer]]
| doctoral_students = {{hlist |list_style=line-height:1.3em | [[Yakir Aharonov|Y. Aharonov]] | [[David Pines|D. Pines]] | [[Jeffrey Bub|J. Bub]] | [[Henri Bortoft|H. Bortoft]] | [[Eugene P. Gross]]}}
| known_for         = {{Unbulleted list |item_style=padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.15em | [[Aharonov–Bohm effect]] |  [[De Broglie–Bohm theory]] | [[Bohm criterion]] | [[Bohm-diffusion]] | [[Bohm Dialogue|Bohm dialogue]] | [[EPR paradox#Bohm's variant|Bohm's EPR experiment]] | [[Bohm interpretation]] | [[Bohm quantum potential]] | [[Hidden variable theory]] | | [[Pilot wave theory]] | [[Holographic paradigm]] | [[Holomovement]] | [[Holonomic brain theory]] | [[Nonradiation condition]] | [[Pilot wave]] | [[Plasmon]] | [[Implicate and explicate order]] | [[Random phase approximation]] | [[Quantum decoherence]] | [[Quantum mind]]}}
| awards            = {{Unbulleted list |item_style=padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.15em | 1991&nbsp; [[Elliott Cresson Medal]] | 1990&nbsp; [[Fellow of the Royal Society|Royal Society fellowship]]<!--<ref name="frs"/>-->}}
| signature         = 
| footnotes         =  
}}
{{Scholia}}

'''David Joseph Bohm''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|FRS}}<ref name="frs">{{cite journal | author = B. J. Hiley | author-link = Basil Hiley | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1997.0007 | title = David Joseph Bohm. 20 December 1917 – 27 October 1992: Elected F.R.S. 1990 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 43 | pages = 107–131 | year = 1997 | s2cid = 70366771 }}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|b|oʊ|m}}; 20 December 1917 – 27 October 1992) was an American scientist who has been described as one of the most significant [[Theoretical physics|theoretical]] [[physicist]]s of the 20th century<ref name="DavidPeat">David Peat Who's Afraid of Schrödinger's Cat? The New Science Revealed: Quantum Theory, Relativity, Chaos and the New Cosmology 1997, pp. 316–317</ref> and who contributed unorthodox ideas to [[quantum mechanics|quantum theory]], [[neuropsychology]] and the [[philosophy of mind]]. Among his many contributions to physics is his causal and deterministic interpretation of quantum theory known as [[De Broglie–Bohm theory]].

Bohm advanced the view that quantum physics meant that the old [[Dualism (philosophy of mind)|Cartesian model]] of reality—that there are two kinds of substance, the mental and the physical, that somehow interact—was too limited. To complement it, he developed a mathematical and physical theory of [[Implicate and explicate order|"implicate" and "explicate" order]].<ref name="wholeness">David Bohm: ''Wholeness and the Implicate Order'', Routledge, 1980 ({{ISBN|0-203-99515-5}}).</ref> He also believed that the brain, at the cellular level, works according to the mathematics of some quantum effects, and postulated that thought is distributed and non-localised just as quantum entities are.<ref name="holo">{{cite tech report |last=Prideaux |first=Jeff |chapter=Chapter 1: Introduction |title=Comparison between Karl Pribram's "Holographic Brain Theory" and more conventional models of neuronal computation |url=http://www.acsa2000.net/bcngroup/jponkp/ |website=American Computer Science Association |location= |publisher=ACSA Digital Libraries |quote-page=¶ 2 |no-pp=y |quote=This paper will discuss in detail the concept of a holograph and the evidence Karl Pribram uses to support the idea that the brain implements holonomic transformations that distribute episodic information over regions of the brain}} {{see below|{{slink||Holonomic model of the brain}}}}.</ref> Bohm's main concern was with understanding the nature of reality in general and of consciousness in particular as a coherent whole, which according to Bohm is never static or complete.<ref>''Wholeness and the Implicate Order'', Bohm – 4 July 2002</ref>

Bohm warned of the dangers of rampant reason and technology, advocating instead the need for genuine supportive dialogue, which he claimed could bridge and unify conflicting and troublesome divisions in the social world. In this, his [[epistemology]] mirrored his [[ontology]].<ref>David Bohm: On Dialogue (2004) Routledge</ref>

Born in the United States, Bohm obtained his Ph.D. under [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]] at the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. Due to his [[Communist]] affiliations, he was the subject of a federal government investigation in 1949, prompting him to leave the U.S. He pursued his career in several countries, becoming first a [[Brazil]]ian and then a [[British citizen]]. He abandoned Marxism in the wake of the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1956|Hungarian Uprising]] in 1956.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Becker |first1=Adam | author-link = Adam Becker |title=What is Real?: The Unfinished Quest for the Meaning of Quantum Physics |publisher= Basic Books | date = 2018 |page=115 |isbn = 978-0-465-09605-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Freire Junior |first1=Olival | author-link = Olival Freire Junior |title=David Bohm:A Life Dedicated to Understanding the Quantum World|publisher= Springer | date = 2019 |page=37 |isbn = 978-3-030-22714-2}}</ref>