Editing Dehumanization (section)

{{short description|Behavior or process that undermines individuality of and in others}}
{{for|the album|Dehumanization (album){{!}}''Dehumanization'' (album)}}
{{multiple issues|{{weasel|date=March 2021}}{{original research|date=March 2021}}}}
{{discrimination sidebar|state=collapsed}}
[[file:Stroop Report - Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 06b.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2|link=Warsaw Ghetto boy|In his [[Stroop Report|report]] on the suppression of the [[Warsaw Ghetto uprising]], [[Jürgen Stroop]] described Jews resisting deportation to [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] camps as "bandits".]]
[[file:Abu Ghraib 68.jpg|thumb|[[Lynndie England]] pulling a leash attached to the neck of a prisoner in [[Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse|Abu Ghraib prison]], who is forced to crawl on the floor, while [[Megan Ambuhl]] watches, 2003.]]

'''Dehumanization''' is the process, practice, or act of denying full [[Humanity (virtue)|humanity]] in others,<ref name=":0236">{{Cite book |title=The Routledge handbook of dehumanization |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-138-58815-8 |editor-last=Kronfeldner |editor-first=Maria E. |series=Routledge handbooks in philosophy |location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY}}</ref> along with the cruelty and suffering that accompany it.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Haslam |first=Nick |date=2006 |title=Dehumanization: An Integrative Review |url=https://newclasses.nyu.edu/portal/site/bd325357-284c-4867-9164-8e088b8f7f4f/tool/37d05c72-c02a-426c-9ac9-83e7a9bfab85/discussionForum/message/dfAllMessages |url-status=live |journal=Personality and Social Psychology Review |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=252–264 |doi=10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_4 |pmid=16859440 |s2cid=18142674 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910172536/https://shibboleth.nyu.edu/idp/profile/SAML2/Unsolicited/SSO?execution=e1s1 |archive-date=2020-09-10 |access-date=2019-06-22 |via=Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc}}</ref><ref name="Haslam20142">{{cite journal |last1=Haslam |first1=Nick |last2=Loughnan |first2=Steve |date=3 January 2014 |title=Dehumanization and Infrahumanization |journal=Annual Review of Psychology |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=399–423 |doi=10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115045 |pmid=23808915 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Spens |first=Christiana |date=2014-09-01 |title=The Theatre of Cruelty: Dehumanization, Objectification & Abu Ghraib |journal=Contemporary Voices: St Andrews Journal of International Relations |language=en |volume=5 |issue=3 |doi=10.15664/jtr.946 |doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |issn=2516-3159 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free |hdl=10023/5611}}</ref> It involves perceiving individuals or groups as lacking essential human qualities, such as secondary emotions and mental capacities, thereby placing them outside the bounds of moral concern.<ref name=":0236"/> In this definition, any act or thought that regards a person as either "other than" and "less than" human constitutes dehumanization.<ref>{{Cite book |last=de Ruiter |first=Adrienne |title=Dehumanisation in the global migration crisis |date=2024 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-889340-0 |edition=1 |location=New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Enge |first=Erik |title=Dehumanization as the Central Prerequisite for Slavery |publisher=GRIN Verlag |year=2015 |isbn=9783668027107 |page=3}}</ref>

Dehumanization can be overt or [[Infrahumanisation|subtle]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Haslam |first1=Nick |last2=Loughnan |first2=Steve |date=2014 |title=Dehumanization and infrahumanization |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23808915 |journal=Annual Review of Psychology |volume=65 |pages=399–423 |doi=10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115045 |issn=1545-2085 |pmid=23808915}}</ref> and typically manifests in two primary forms: animalistic dehumanization, which denies uniquely human traits like civility, [[culture]], or rationality and likens others to animals;<ref name="Haslam20142" /> and mechanistic dehumanization, which denies traits of human nature such as warmth, emotion, and individuality, portraying others as objects or machines.<ref name="Haslam20142" />

It has historically facilitated a broad range of harms, from [[discrimination]] and [[social exclusion]] to [[slavery]],<ref name=":0236"/> [[colonization]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bruneau |first1=Emile |last2=Kteily |first2=Nour |date=2017-01-01 |title=The enemy as animal: Symmetric dehumanization during asymmetric warfare. |url=https://doaj.org/article/12402d4ab66240a8a6c50c403cf0b8bf |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=12 |issue=7 |pages=e0181422 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0181422 |doi-access=free |pmid=28746412 |pmc=5528981 |bibcode=2017PLoSO..1281422B |issn=1932-6203}}</ref> as well as other [[crimes against humanity]],<ref name=":0236"/> and is recognized as a significant from of incitement to [[genocide]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gordon |first1=Gregory S. |title=Atrocity Speech Law: Foundation, Fragmentation, Fruition |date=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-061270-2 |page=286 |language=en}}</ref>