Editing Deliberative democracy (section)

{{Short description|Form of democracy focusing on deliberation and informed decision-making}}
{{Democracy}}
{{Basic forms of government}}

'''Deliberative democracy''' or '''discursive democracy''' is a form of [[democracy]] in which [[deliberation]] is central to [[decision-making]]. Deliberative democracy seeks quality over quantity by limiting decision-makers to a smaller but more representative sample of the population that is given the time and resources to focus on one issue.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dryzek |first1=John S. |last2=Bächtiger |first2=André |last3=Chambers |first3=Simone |last4=Cohen |first4=Joshua |last5=Druckman |first5=James N. |last6=Felicetti |first6=Andrea |last7=Fishkin |first7=James S. |last8=Farrell |first8=David M. |last9=Fung |first9=Archon |last10=Gutmann |first10=Amy |last11=Landemore |first11=Hélène |last12=Mansbridge |first12=Jane |last13=Marien |first13=Sofie |last14=Neblo |first14=Michael A. |last15=Niemeyer |first15=Simon |last16=Setälä |first16=Maija |last17=Slothuus |first17=Rune |last18=Suiter |first18=Jane |last19=Thompson |first19=Dennis |last20=Warren |first20=Mark E. |title=The crisis of democracy and the science of deliberation |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=2019 |volume=363 |issue=6432 |pages=1144–1146 |doi=10.1126/science.aaw2694|pmid=30872504 |bibcode=2019Sci...363.1144D |s2cid=78092206 |url=https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/635307 |hdl=11384/82884 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

It often adopts elements of both [[consensus decision-making]] and [[majority rule]]. Deliberative democracy differs from traditional democratic [[political theory|theory]] in that authentic deliberation, not mere [[vote|voting]], is the primary source of legitimacy for the [[law]]. Deliberative democracy is related to '''consultative democracy''', in which public consultation with citizens is central to democratic processes. The distance between deliberative democracy and concepts like [[representative democracy]] or [[direct democracy]] is debated. While some practitioners and theorists use deliberative democracy to describe elected bodies whose members propose and enact legislation, [[Hélène Landemore]] and others increasingly use deliberative democracy to refer to decision-making by [[Sortition|randomly-selected lay citizens]] with [[Political equality|equal power]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Landemore |first=Hélène |author-link=Hélène Landemore |date=Summer 2017 |title=Deliberative Democracy as Open, Not (Just) Representative Democracy |journal=[[Daedalus (journal)|Dædalus]] |volume=146 |issue=3 |pages=51–63}}</ref>

Deliberative democracy has a long history of practice and theory traced back to ancient times, with an increase in academic attention in the 1990s, and growing implementations since 2010.  Joseph M. Bessette has been credited with coining the term in his 1980 work ''Deliberative Democracy: The Majority Principle in Republican Government''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Using the Press Clause to Amplify Civic Discourse beyond Mere Opinion Sharing|first=Akilah N.|last=Folami|url=http://sites.temple.edu/lawreview/files/2013/03/Folami_85-Temp.-L.-Rev.-269.pdf|publisher=Temple Law Review|date=Winter 2013|access-date=23 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023131721/http://sites.temple.edu/lawreview/files/2013/03/Folami_85-Temp.-L.-Rev.-269.pdf|archive-date=23 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>