Editing Denmark (section)

{{Short description|Country in Northern Europe}}
{{About|metropolitan Denmark|the sovereign state|Danish Realm|all other uses}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2022}}
<!-- Please DO NOT put information about the Faroe Islands and Greenland in the article, this article is about "metropolitan Denmark" which excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland. -->
{{Infobox political division
| name = Denmark<!--Do not change to Kingdom of Denmark; it has its own article.-->
| native_name = {{native name|da|Danmark}}<!--Do not change to Kingdom of Denmark; it has its own article.-->
| settlement_type = [[Danish Realm#Population and area|Constituent part of the Kingdom of Denmark]]
| image_flag = Flag of Denmark.svg
| flag_size = 120
| flag_link = Flag of Denmark
| image_seal = National coat of arms of Denmark.svg
| seal_size = 65
| seal_type = Coat of arms
| seal_link = Coat of arms of Denmark
| anthem = {{native name|da|[[Der er et yndigt land]]|link=on}}<br />({{langx|en|"There is a lovely country"}})<div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{center|[[File:United States Navy Band - Der er et yndigt land.ogg]]}}</div>
| song = {{native name|da|[[Kong Christian stod ved højen mast]]|link=on}}{{refn|''Kong Christian'' has equal status as a [[national anthem]] but is generally used only on [[Honors music|royal]] and military occasions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Not one but two national anthems|url=http://denmark.dk/en/quick-facts/national-anthems/|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark]]|access-date=18 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515093426/http://denmark.dk/en/quick-facts/national-anthems|archive-date=15 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>|group="N"}}<br />({{langx|en|"King Christian stood by the lofty mast"}})<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{center|[[File:United States Navy Band - Kong Kristian stod ved højen mast.ogg]]}}</div>
| song_type = '''National and royal anthem'''
| image_map              = {{switcher|[[File:Denmark (orthographic projection).svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:EU-Denmark.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Europe|default=2}}
| map_caption            = {{map caption
  | countryprefix = metropolitan
  | location_color = dark green
  | region = Europe
  | region_color = dark grey
  | subregion = the [[European Union]]
  | subregion_color = light green
  }}
| subdivision_type = [[Sovereign state]]
| subdivision_name = [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]]
| established_title = [[History of Denmark#Middle Ages|Consolidation]]
| established_date = {{circa}} 8th century{{sfnp|Stone|Bain|Booth|Parnell|2008|p=31}}
| established_title2 = {{nowrap|[[Constitution of Denmark|Constitutional Act]]}}
| established_date2 = 5 June 1849
| official_languages = [[Danish language|Danish]]
| languages_type = [[Regional language]]s
| languages_sub = yes
| languages = [[German language|German]]<ref group="N">German is recognised as a protected minority language in the South Jutland area of Denmark.</ref>
| demonym = {{hlist|[[Danes|Danish]]|[[Danes|Dane]]}}
| capital = [[Copenhagen]]
| largest_city = capital
| coordinates = {{Coord|55|43|N|12|34|E|type:city}}
| ethnic_groups = {{ublist |item_style=white-space;
|83.7% [[Danes|Danish]]{{refn|including [[Faroese people|Faroese]], [[Indigenous peoples|Indigenous group]] [[Greenlandic Inuit|Inuit]], and [[minority group]] [[North Schleswig Germans|German]]}}
|16.3% [[Immigration to Denmark|Others]]
}}
| ethnic_groups_year = 2025
| government_type = Unitary parliamentary [[constitutional monarchy]]
| leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of Denmark|Monarch]] 
| leader_name1 = [[Frederik X]] 
| leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Denmark|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name2 = [[Mette Frederiksen]]
| legislature = [[Folketing]]
| area_km2 = 43,094<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/denmark/#geography|title=Denmark|date=21 November 2023|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=22 November 2023|archive-date=5 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705032013/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/denmark/#geography|url-status=live}}</ref>
| area_rank = 130th
| area_sq_mi = 16,580<!--Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]-->
| percent_water = 1.74<ref>{{cite web|title=Surface water and surface water change|access-date=11 October 2020|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD)|url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER|archive-date=24 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324133453/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER|url-status=live}}</ref>
| elevation_max_m = 170.86
| elevation_max_ft =
| elevation_max_point = [[Møllehøj]]
| population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 5,999,677<ref group="N" name="denonly group=N" /><ref name="Pop.Denmark">{{cite web |title=Development in the number of inhabitants month by month |url=https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/emner/borgere/befolkning/befolkningstal |publisher=[[Statistics Denmark]] |website=www.dst.dk |access-date=27 October 2024 |archive-date=13 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313105052/https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/emner/borgere/befolkning/befolkningstal |url-status=live }}</ref>
| population_estimate_rank = 112th
| population_estimate_year = April 2025
| population_density_km2 = {{#expr: 5982117/43094 round 1}}
| GDP_PPP                            = {{increase}} $496.696 billion<ref group="N" name="denonly group=N" /><ref name="IMFWEO.DK">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=128,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (Denmark) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=www.imf.org |date=22 October 2024 |access-date=27 October 2024 |archive-date=20 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241220100522/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=128,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_year                    = 2024
| GDP_PPP_rank                    = 52nd
| GDP_PPP_per_capita          = {{increase}} $83,454<ref name="IMFWEO.DK" />
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 10th
| GDP_nominal                      = {{increase}} $412.293 billion<ref group="N" name="denonly group=N" /><ref name="IMFWEO.DK" />
| GDP_nominal_year             = 2024
| GDP_nominal_rank             = 37th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita   = {{increase}} $69,273<ref name="IMFWEO.DK" />
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 9th
| Gini = 27.7 <!--number only-->
| Gini_year = 2022
| Gini_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey |publisher=[[Eurostat]] |website=ec.europa.eu |access-date=25 November 2023 |archive-date=9 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009091832/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
| HDI = 0.962
| HDI_year = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
| HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2023/24|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=13 March 2024|page=288|access-date=13 March 2024|archive-date=13 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| HDI_rank = 4th
| currency = [[Danish krone]]<ref group="N">In the Faroe Islands the currency has a separate design and is known as the [[Faroese króna|króna]], but is not a separate currency.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}</ref>
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +01:00
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +02:00
| calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Denmark|+45]]
| cctld = [[.dk]]<ref group="N">The [[top-level domain name]] [[.eu]] is shared with other [[European Union]] countries.</ref>
|population_density_rank=93rd <!-- Should match [[List of countries and dependencies by population density]] -->|drives_on=Right
|ethnic_groups_ref=<ref>https://www.statbank.dk/statbank5a/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?MainTable=FOLK2&PLanguage=1&PXSId=0&wsid=cftree</ref>}}

'''Denmark'''{{efn|{{langx|da|Danmark}}, {{IPA|da|ˈtænmɑk|pron|DA-Danmark.ogg}}}} is a [[Nordic countries|Nordic country]] in [[Northern Europe]]. It is the [[metropole]] and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,<ref group="N">{{langx|da|Kongeriget Danmark}}, {{IPA|da|ˈkʰɔŋəʁiːð̩ ˈtænmɑk|pron|Kongeriget Danmark.ogg}}.</ref> also known as the [[Danish Realm]], a [[constitution]]ally [[unitary state]] that includes the [[Autonomous administrative division|autonomous territories]] of the [[Faroe Islands]] and [[Greenland]] in the north [[Atlantic Ocean]].<ref name="territory">*{{Cite web|last=Benedikter|first=Thomas|date=19 June 2006|title=The working autonomies in Europe|url=http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/eu-min/autonomy.html|publisher=[[Society for Threatened Peoples]]|quote=Denmark has established very specific territorial autonomies with its two island territories|access-date=8 June 2012|archive-date=9 March 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309063149/http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/eu-min/autonomy.html|url-status=dead}}
*{{Cite web|last=Ackrén|first=Maria|date=November 2017|title=Greenland|url=http://www.world-autonomies.info/tas/Greenland/Pages/default.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830110832/http://www.world-autonomies.info/tas/Greenland/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=30 August 2019|access-date=30 August 2019|publisher=Autonomy Arrangements in the World|quote=Faroese and Greenlandic are seen as official regional languages in the self-governing territories belonging to Denmark.}}
*{{Cite web|date=3 June 2013|title=Greenland|url=https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/countries/greenland_en|access-date=27 August 2019|website=International Cooperation and Development|publisher=[[European Commission]]|language=en|quote=Greenland [...] is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark|archive-date=16 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916135422/https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/countries/greenland_en|url-status=live}}</ref> Metropolitan Denmark,<ref name="proper" group="N" /> also called "continental Denmark" or "Denmark proper",<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-13 |title=Denmark {{!}} History, Geography, Map, & Culture {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Denmark#ref33905 |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=23 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123074111/https://www.britannica.com/place/Denmark#ref33905 |url-status=live }}</ref> consists of the northern [[Jutland]] [[peninsula]] and an [[archipelago]] of 406 islands.<ref name="islands">{{Cite web |title=Denmark in numbers 2010 |url=http://www.dst.dk/pukora/epub/upload/14847/dkital.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081728/http://www.dst.dk/pukora/epub/upload/14847/dkital.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013 |access-date=2 May 2013 |publisher=Statistics Denmark}}</ref> It is the southernmost of the [[Scandinavia]]n countries, lying southwest of [[Sweden]], south of [[Norway]], and north of [[Germany]], with which it shares a short [[border]]. Denmark proper is situated between the [[North Sea]] to the west and the [[Baltic Sea]] to the east.<ref group="N">The island of [[Bornholm]] is offset to the east of the rest of the country, in the [[Baltic Sea]].</ref>

The Kingdom of Denmark, including the Faroe Islands and Greenland, has roughly [[List of islands of Denmark|1,400 islands]] greater than {{convert|100|m2|sqft}} in area; 443 have been named and 78 are inhabited.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://irland.um.dk/en/about-denmark |title=About Denmark |access-date=27 December 2022 |archive-date=27 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227125541/https://irland.um.dk/en/about-denmark |url-status=live }}</ref> Denmark's population is close to 6 million,<ref name="Pop.Denmark" /> of which roughly 40% live in [[Zealand]], (Sjælland) the largest and most populated island in Denmark proper; [[Copenhagen]], (København) the capital and largest city of the Danish Realm, is situated on Zealand and Amager.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://statistikbanken.dk/bef4|title=Statistikbanken|website=statistikbanken.dk|access-date=27 December 2022|archive-date=6 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606071411/https://www.statistikbanken.dk/BEF4|url-status=live}}</ref> Composed mostly of flat, [[arable land]], Denmark is characterised by sandy coasts, low elevation, and a [[temperate climate]]. Denmark exercises [[hegemony|hegemonic]] influence in the [[Danish Realm]], [[devolution|devolving]] powers to the other constituent entities to handle their internal affairs. [[Home rule]] was established in the Faroe Islands in 1948; [[Greenland]] achieved home rule in 1979 and [[2008 Greenlandic self-government referendum|further autonomy]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |title=Greenland and the Faroe Islands |url=https://um.dk/en/foreign-policy/the-arctic/greenland-and-the-faroe-islands |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218164608/https://um.dk/en/foreign-policy/the-arctic/greenland-and-the-faroe-islands |archive-date=18 December 2023 |accessdate=18 December 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Denmark}}</ref>

The [[history of Denmark|unified Kingdom of Denmark]] emerged in the eighth century AD as a [[maritime power]] amid the struggle for [[Dominium maris baltici|control of the Baltic Sea]].{{sfnp|Stone|Bain|Booth|Parnell|2008|p=31}} In 1397, it formed the [[Kalmar Union]] with Norway and Sweden. This union persisted until [[Swedish War of Liberation|Sweden's secession]] in 1523. The remaining Kingdom of [[Denmark–Norway]] endured a [[Northern Wars|series of wars]] in the 17th century that resulted in further [[cession|territorial cession]]s. A surge of [[History of Denmark#The 19th century|nationalist movements]] in the 19th century were defeated in the [[First Schleswig War]] of 1848. In that war Denmark lost vast territories to Germany, which led to changes in Danish society, emphasizing social cohesion in the diminished country such as the clearing of the vast moors of Jutland, the Indremission Christian movement and a stronger self-perception as a unified and heterogeneous people. The adoption of the [[Constitution of Denmark]] on 5 June 1849 ended the [[absolute monarchy]] and introduced the current parliamentary system.

Denmark began industrialising in the mid 19th century, becoming a major agricultural exporter. It introduced [[Kanslergade Agreement|social and labour market reforms]] in the early 20th century, forming the basis for the present [[welfare state]] [[Nordic model|model]] and advanced [[mixed economy]]. [[Denmark during World War I|Denmark remained neutral]] during [[World War I]]; Danish neutrality was violated in [[World War II]] by a rapid [[German invasion of Denmark (1940)|German invasion]] in April 1940. During occupation, a [[Danish resistance movement|resistance movement]] emerged in 1943, while Iceland declared independence in 1944; Denmark was [[Denmark in World War II#Hardship and the end of the war|liberated]] after the end of the war in May 1945. In 1973, Denmark, together with [[Withdrawal of Greenland from the European Communities|Greenland]] but not the [[Faroe Islands]], became a member of what is now the [[European Union]]; however, it negotiated [[Opt-outs in the European Union|certain opt-outs]], such as retaining its own currency, the [[Danish krone|krone]].

Denmark is a [[developed country]] with an advanced [[World Bank high-income economy|high-income economy]], high [[standard of living]], and robust [[Nordic model|social welfare policies]]. Danish culture and society are broadly progressive egalitarian, and [[Social liberalism|socially liberal]]; Denmark was the first country to legally recognise [[Same-sex marriage in Denmark|same-sex partnerships]]. It is a founding member of [[NATO]], the [[Nordic Council]], the [[OECD]], the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]], the [[Council of Europe]] and the [[United Nations]], and is part of the [[Schengen Area]]. Denmark maintains close political, cultural, and linguistic ties with its Scandinavian neighbours. The [[Politics of Denmark|Danish political system]], which emphasizes broad [[Consensus decision-making|consensus]], is used by American [[Political science|political scientist]] [[Francis Fukuyama]] as a reference point for near-perfect [[governance]]; his phrase "getting to Denmark" refers to the country's status as a global model for stable, social and political institutions.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/160623/getting-denmark-reclaiming-lutheran-social-democracy|title=Getting to Denmark|magazine=The New Republic }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeosullivan/2023/11/11/has-europe-turned-the-corner-on-immigration/|title=Has Europe Turned The Corner On Immigration?|first=Mike|last=O'Sullivan|website=Forbes}}</ref>