Editing Dentin (section)

{{Short description|Calcified tissue of the body; one of the four major components of teeth}}
{{Infobox anatomy
| Name        = Dentin
| Latin       = dentinum
| Image       = Human tooth diagram-en.svg
| Caption     = Parts of a tooth, including dentin
| Width       = 250px
| Image2      =
| Caption2    =
| Precursor   =
| System      =
| Artery      =
| Vein        =
| Nerve       =
| Lymph       =
}}
[[File:Crosssectiontooth11-24-05.jpg|thumb|Cross-section of a tooth. B is dentin.]]

'''Dentin''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|ɛ|n|t|ᵻ|n}} {{respell|DEN|tin}}) ([[American English]]) or '''dentine''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|ɛ|n|ˌ|t|iː|n}} {{respell|DEN|teen}} or {{IPAc-en|ˌ|d|ɛ|n|ˈ|t|iː|n}} {{respell|DEN|TEEN}}) (British English) ({{langx|la|substantia eburnea}}) is a calcified [[tissue (biology)|tissue]] of the body and, along with [[tooth enamel|enamel]], [[cementum]], and [[pulp (tooth)|pulp]], is one of the four major components of [[teeth]]. It is usually covered by enamel on the crown and cementum on the root and surrounds the entire pulp. By volume, 45% of dentin consists of the mineral [[hydroxyapatite]], 33% is organic material, and 22% is water.<ref name=":0" /> Yellow in appearance, it greatly affects the color of a tooth due to the [[translucency]] of enamel. Dentin, which is less mineralized and less brittle than enamel, is necessary for the support of enamel.<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Johnson C | url = http://www.uic.edu/classes/orla/orla312/BHDTwo.html | title = Biology of the Human Dentition | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151030052831/http://www.uic.edu/classes/orla/orla312/BHDTwo.html | archive-date=30 October 2015 | access-date = 18 July 2007 }}</ref> Dentin rates approximately 3 on the [[Mohs scale]] of mineral hardness.<ref name="pmid9604576">{{cite journal | vauthors = Marshall GW, Marshall SJ, Kinney JH, Balooch M | title = The dentin substrate: structure and properties related to bonding | journal = Journal of Dentistry | volume = 25 | issue = 6 | pages = 441–58 | date = November 1997 | pmid = 9604576 | doi = 10.1016/s0300-5712(96)00065-6 }}</ref> There are two main characteristics which distinguish dentin from enamel: firstly, dentin forms throughout life; secondly, dentin is sensitive<ref name = "Berkovits_2002">{{cite book | vauthors = Berkovits BK, Holland GR, Moxham BJ | date = 2002 | title = Oral Anatomy, Histology and Embryology | publisher = Mosby | edition = 3rd | isbn = 978-0-7234-3181-7 }}</ref>{{rp|125}} and can become hypersensitive to changes in temperature due to the sensory function of [[odontoblasts]],<ref name="pmid33771873 ">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bernal L, Sotelo-Hitschfeld P, König C, Sinica V, Wyatt A, Winter Z, Hein A, Touska F, Reinhardt S, Tragl A, Kusuda R, Wartenberg P, Sclaroff A, Pfeifer JD, Ectors F, Dahl A, Freichel M, Vlachova V, Brauchi S, Roza C, Boehm U, Clapham DE, Lennerz JK, Zimmermann K | display-authors = 6 | title = Odontoblast TRPC5 channels signal cold pain in teeth | journal = Science Advances | volume = 7 | issue = 13 | pages = eabf5567 | date = March 2021 | pmid = 33771873 | pmc = 7997515 | doi = 10.1126/sciadv.abf5567 | bibcode = 2021SciA....7.5567B | doi-access = free }}</ref> especially when enamel recedes and dentin channels become exposed.