Editing Depression (mood) (section)

{{Short description|State of low mood and aversion to activity}}
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{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Depression
| image = A man diagnosed as suffering from melancholia with strong su Wellcome L0026693.jpg
| caption = [[Lithograph]] of a person diagnosed with ''[[melancholia]]'' and strong suicidal tendency in 1892
| alt = 
| field = [[Psychiatry]], [[psychology]]
| symptoms = Low mood, aversion to activity, loss of interest, loss of feeling pleasure
| complications = 
| onset = 
| duration = 
| causes = Brain chemistry, genetics, life events, medical conditions, personality<ref name="clevelandclinic">{{cite web |publisher=Cleveland Clinic |title=Depression|date=2022 |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9290-depression|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref>
| risks = Stigma of mental health disorder<ref name="shrivastavaA">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shrivastava A, Bureau Y, Rewari N, Johnston M | title = Clinical risk of stigma and discrimination of mental illnesses: Need for objective assessment and quantification | journal = Indian Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 55 | issue = 2 | pages = 178–82 | date = April 2013 | pmid = 23825855 | pmc = 3696244 | doi = 10.4103/0019-5545.111459 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
| diagnosis = [[Patient Health Questionnaire]], [[Beck Depression Inventory]]
| differential = [[Anxiety]], [[bipolar disorder]], [[borderline personality disorder]]
| prevention = Social connections, physical activity
| treatment = [[Psychotherapy]], [[psychopharmacology]]
| medication = 
| prognosis = 
| frequency = 
| deaths = 
}}
{{emotion}}

'''Depression''' is a [[mental state]] of low [[Mood (psychology)|mood]] and aversion to activity.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016 |title= Depression Basics |url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/index.shtml|access-date=22 October 2020 |website=NIMH |archive-date=11 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611091923/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/complete-index.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> It affects about 3.5% of the [[global population]], or about 280 million people worldwide, as of 2020.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Depression |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226072232/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression |archive-date=26 December 2020 |access-date=7 April 2021 |website=[[World Health Organization]] |language=en}}</ref> Depression affects a person's [[thoughts]], [[behavior]], [[feelings]], and [[subjective well-being|sense of well-being]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = de Zwart PL, Jeronimus BF, de Jonge P | title = Empirical evidence for definitions of episode, remission, recovery, relapse and recurrence in depression: a systematic review | journal = Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences | volume = 28 | issue = 5 | pages = 544–562 | date = October 2019 | pmid = 29769159 | pmc = 7032752 | doi = 10.1017/S2045796018000227 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The pleasure or joy that a person gets from certain experiences is reduced, and the afflicted person often experiences a loss of motivation or interest in those activities.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Psychotherapy and counselling for depression| vauthors = Gilbert P |date=2007|publisher=Sage|isbn=978-1-84920-349-4|edition=3rd|location=Los Angeles|oclc=436076587}}{{page needed|date=November 2023}}</ref> People with depression may experience [[sadness]], feelings of dejection or hopelessness, difficulty in thinking and concentration, or a significant change in appetite or time spent sleeping; [[Suicidal ideation|suicidal thoughts]] can also be experienced.

Depression can have multiple, sometimes overlapping, origins. Depression can be a symptom of some [[mood disorders]], some of which are also commonly called ''depression'', such as [[major depressive disorder]], [[bipolar disorder]] and [[dysthymia]].<ref>
{{cite book |title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) |author=American Psychiatric Association |year=2013 |publisher=American Psychiatric Association}}{{page needed|date=July 2023}}
</ref> Additionally, depression can be a normal temporary reaction to life events, such as the loss of a loved one. Depression is also a symptom of some physical diseases and a side effect of some drugs and medical treatments.