Editing Dermatitis (section)

{{about|eczema and dermatitis in general|the most common type of eczema|Atopic dermatitis}}{{Short description|Inflammatory disease of the skin}}
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{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Dermatitis
| synonyms = Eczema
| image = Dermatitis2015.jpg
| caption = A moderate case of dermatitis of the hands
| field = [[Dermatology]]
| symptoms = [[Itch]]iness, [[erythema|red skin]], rash<ref name="Ned2012" />
| complications = [[Skin infection]]<ref name=NIH2013/>
| onset =
| duration =
| causes = [[Atopic dermatitis]], [[allergic contact dermatitis]], [[irritant contact dermatitis]], [[seborrhoeic dermatitis]], [[stasis dermatitis]]<ref name=Ned2012/><ref name=NIH2013/>
| risks =
| diagnosis = Based on symptom<ref name=Ned2012/>
| differential = [[Scabies]], [[psoriasis]], [[dermatitis herpetiformis]], [[lichen simplex chronicus]]<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Ferri FF |title=Ferri's Differential Diagnosis: A Practical Guide to the Differential Diagnosis of Symptoms, Signs, and Clinical Disorders|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0-323-07699-9|url={{Google books|pHNlxxrPHNsC|page=132|plainurl=yes}}|page=132|edition=2nd}}</ref>
| prevention = [[Essential fatty acids]]<ref name="Andrews" />
| treatment = [[Moisturizers]], [[steroid]] creams, [[antihistamine]]s<ref name=NIH2013/><ref name=Mc2012/>
| medication =
| prognosis =
| frequency = 245 million in 2015<ref name=GBD2015Pre/> (3.34% of world population)
| deaths =
}}
<!-- Definition and symptoms -->

'''Dermatitis'''  is a term used for different types of [[Human skin|skin]] inflammation, typically characterized by [[itch]]iness, [[erythema|redness]] and a [[rash]].<ref name=Ned2012>{{cite book| vauthors = Nedorost ST |title=Generalized Dermatitis in Clinical Practice|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4471-2897-7|pages=1–3, 9, 13–14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=egXPtnc4lssC&pg=PA1|date=2012|access-date=29 July 2016| language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815233710/https://books.google.ca/books?id=egXPtnc4lssC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA1|archive-date=15 August 2016}}</ref> In cases of short duration, there may be small [[blister]]s, while in long-term cases the skin may become [[lichenification|thickened]].<ref name=Ned2012/> The area of skin involved can vary from small to covering the entire body.<ref name=Ned2012/><ref name="NIH2013">{{cite web |date=May 2013 |title=Handout on Health: Atopic Dermatitis (A type of eczema) |url=http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/Atopic_Dermatitis/default.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530092344/http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Atopic_Dermatitis/default.asp |archive-date=30 May 2015 |access-date=29 July 2016 |website=NIAMS }}</ref> Dermatitis is also called '''eczema''' but the same term is often used for the most common type of skin inflammation, [[atopic dermatitis]].<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |vauthors=Johansson SG, Bieber T, Dahl R, Friedmann PS, Lanier BQ, Lockey RF, Motala C, Ortega Martell JA, Platts-Mills TA, Ring J, Thien F, Van Cauwenberge P, Williams HC |date=May 2004 |title=Revised nomenclature for allergy for global use: Report of the Nomenclature Review Committee of the World Allergy Organization, October 2003 |journal=The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology |volume=113 |issue=5 |pages=832–836 |doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2003.12.591 |pmid=15131563 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

<!-- Cause and diagnosis -->
The exact cause of the condition is often unclear.<ref name=NIH2013/> Cases may involve a combination of [[allergy]] and [[venous stasis|poor venous return]].<ref name=Ned2012/> The type of dermatitis is generally determined by the person's history and the location of the rash.<ref name=Ned2012/> For example, irritant dermatitis often occurs on the hands of those who frequently get them wet.<ref name=Ned2012/> Allergic contact dermatitis occurs upon exposure to an [[allergen]], causing a [[hypersensitivity]] reaction in the skin.<ref name=Ned2012/>

<!--Prevention and management -->
Prevention of atopic dermatitis is typically with [[essential fatty acid]]s,<ref name="Andrews" /> and may be treated with [[moisturizer]]s and [[steroid]] creams.<ref name=Mc2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = McAleer MA, Flohr C, Irvine AD | title = Management of difficult and severe eczema in childhood | journal = BMJ | volume = 345 | pages = e4770 | date = July 2012 | pmid = 22826585 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.e4770 | url = http://www.tara.tcd.ie/bitstream/2262/75991/1/PMID%2022826585%20Difficult%20and%20severe%20AD%20in%20childhood.pdf | hdl = 2262/75991 | s2cid = 36038433 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> The steroid creams should generally be of mid-to high strength and used for less than two weeks at a time, as side effects can occur.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Habif TP |title=Clinical Dermatology|date=2015|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=978-0-323-26607-9 |page=171 |edition=6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N_D5CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA171 |access-date=5 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160817173537/https://books.google.it/books?id=N_D5CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA171|archive-date=17 August 2016}}</ref> [[Antibiotic]]s may be required if there are signs of [[skin infection]].<ref name=NIH2013/> Contact dermatitis is typically treated by avoiding the allergen or irritant.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mowad CM, Anderson B, Scheinman P, Pootongkam S, Nedorost S, Brod B | title = Allergic contact dermatitis: Patient management and education | journal = Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology | volume = 74 | issue = 6 | pages = 1043–1054 | date = June 2016 | pmid = 27185422 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.02.1144 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lurati AR | s2cid = 40077567 | title = Occupational risk assessment and irritant contact dermatitis | journal = Workplace Health & Safety | volume = 63 | issue = 2 | pages = 81–87; quiz 88 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25881659 | doi = 10.1177/2165079914565351 }}</ref> [[Antihistamine]]s may help with sleep and decrease nighttime scratching.<ref name=NIH2013/>

<!-- Epidemiology -->
Dermatitis was estimated to affect 245 million people globally in 2015,<ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, etal | collaboration = GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}</ref> or 3.34% of the world population. Atopic dermatitis is the most common type and generally starts in childhood.<ref name=Ned2012/><ref name=NIH2013/> In the United States, it affects about 10–30% of people.<ref name=NIH2013/> Contact dermatitis is twice as common in females as in males.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Adkinson NF |title=Middleton's Allergy: Principles and Practice |date=2014 |publisher=Elsevier Saunders |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0-323-08593-9|page=566 |edition=8 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=vT9YAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA566 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815222715/https://books.google.ca/books?id=vT9YAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA566 |archive-date=15 August 2016}}</ref> Allergic contact dermatitis affects about 7% of people at some point in their lives.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Wilkinson M, Orton D |title=Rook's Textbook of Dermatology|date=2016|publisher=John Wiley & Sons| isbn=978-1-118-44117-6|edition=9|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyypCwAAQBAJ&pg=SA99-PA868|access-date=29 July 2016|chapter=Allergic Contact Dermatitis | veditors = Barker J, Bleiker TO, Chalmers R, Creamer D |page=128.4|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815214618/https://books.google.ca/books?id=EyypCwAAQBAJ&pg=SA99-PA868 |archive-date=15 August 2016 }}</ref> Irritant contact dermatitis is common, especially among people with certain occupations; exact rates are unclear.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Frosch PJ |title=Textbook of Contact Dermatitis|date=2013|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|location=Berlin, Heidelberg |isbn=978-3-662-03104-9 |page=42 |edition=2nd |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=hgXtCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA42|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816002717/https://books.google.ca/books?id=hgXtCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA42 |archive-date=16 August 2016 }}</ref>
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