Editing Digital signal processor (section)

{{Short description|Specialized microprocessor optimized for digital signal processing}}
[[File:Digital Signal Processor 9997.jpg|thumb|An L7A1045 DSP chip, as used in several [[Sampler (musical instrument)#Akai|Akai samplers]] and the [[Hyper Neo Geo 64]] arcade board]]
[[File:NeXTcube motherboard.jpg|thumb|The [[NeXTcube]] from 1990 had a [[Motorola 68040]] (25&nbsp;MHz) and a digital signal processor [[Motorola 56001]] with 25&nbsp;MHz which was directly accessible via an interface.]]

A '''digital signal processor''' ('''DSP''') is a specialized [[microprocessor]] chip, with its architecture optimized for the operational needs of [[digital signal processing]].<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Yovits |editor-first1=Marshall C. |last1=Dyer |first1=Stephen A. |last2=Harms |first2=Brian K. |chapter=Digital Signal Processing |title=Advances in Computers |date=1993-08-13 |volume=37 |pages=59{{hyphen}}118 |publisher=[[Academic Press]] |doi=10.1016/S0065-2458(08)60403-9 |isbn=978-0120121373 |issn=0065-2458 |lccn=59015761 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vL-bB7GALAwC&pg=PA104 |ol=OL10070096M |oclc=858439915 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>{{rp|pages=104{{hyphen}}107}}<ref name="Liptak">{{cite book |last=Liptak |first=B. G. |title=Process Control and Optimization |series=Instrument Engineers' Handbook |edition=4th |year=2006 |volume=2 |pages=11–12 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0849310812 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TxKynbyaIAMC&pg=PA11 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> DSPs are [[semiconductor device fabrication|fabricated]] on [[MOSFET|metal–oxide–semiconductor]] (MOS) [[integrated circuit]] chips.<ref name="computerhistory1979">{{cite web |title=1979: Single Chip Digital Signal Processor Introduced |url=https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/single-chip-digital-signal-processor-introduced/ |access-date=14 October 2019 |website=The Silicon Engine |publisher=[[Computer History Museum]]}}</ref><ref name="edn">{{cite web |last1=Taranovich |first1=Steve |date=August 27, 2012 |title=30 years of DSP: From a child's toy to 4G and beyond |url=https://www.edn.com/design/systems-design/4394792/30-years-of-DSP--From-a-child-s-toy-to-4G-and-beyond |access-date=14 October 2019 |website=[[EDN (magazine)|EDN]]}}</ref> They are widely used in [[audio signal processing]], [[telecommunications]], [[digital image processing]], [[radar]], [[sonar]] and [[speech recognition]] systems, and in common [[consumer electronic]] devices such as [[mobile phones]], [[disk drives]] and [[high-definition television]] (HDTV) products.<ref name="computerhistory1979"/>

The goal of a DSP is usually to measure, filter or compress continuous real-world [[analog signals]]. Most general-purpose microprocessors can also execute digital signal processing algorithms successfully, but may not be able to keep up with such processing continuously in real-time. Also, dedicated DSPs usually have better power efficiency, thus they are more suitable in portable devices such as [[mobile phone]]s because of power consumption constraints.<ref name="schaum-2004">{{cite web
 |url=http://ptolemy.eecs.berkeley.edu/~kienhuis/ftp/07g.pdf
 |title=Architectures and Design techniques for energy efficient embedded DSP and multimedia processing
 |date=2005-12-24 |access-date=2017-06-13
 |author1=Ingrid Verbauwhede |author2=Patrick Schaumont
 |author3=Christian Piguet |author4=Bart Kienhuis
 |publisher=rijndael.ece.vt.edu}}</ref> DSPs often use special [[memory architecture]]s that are able to fetch multiple data or instructions at the same time.