Editing Direct-shift gearbox (section)

{{Short description|Type of dual-clutch transmission}}
{{about|the Volkswagen Group dual-clutch transmissions|dual-clutch transmissions in general|Dual-clutch transmission}}
{{transmission types}}
[[File:Mechatronics DSG DL 501.jpg|alt=DSG DL 501 Mechatronics|thumb|DSG DL 501]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
[[Image:VW DSG transmission DTMB.jpg|thumb|right|Part-[[cutaway drawing|cutaway view]] of the [[Volkswagen Group]] 6-speed direct-shift gearbox.  The [[concentric]] multi-plate clutches have been sectioned, along with the [[mechatronics]] module. This also shows the additional [[power take-off]] for distributing torque to the rear axle for [[four-wheel drive]] applications. ([[commons:File:VW DSG transmission DTMB.jpg|View this image with annotations]])]]
[[Image:Cambio a doppia frizione.svg|thumb|right|Schematic diagram of a dual-clutch gearbox:{{unbulleted list
| M: Motor
| A: Primary drive and driving shaft
| B: Dual clutch
| C: Driven shaft
| D: Layshaft, hollow, even gears
| E: Layshaft, odd gears
| F: Output
}}
]]

A '''direct-shift gearbox''' ('''DSG''', {{langx|de|Direktschaltgetriebe}}<ref>{{citation|title=Volkswagen Service Training Manual 308 - 02E 6-speed DSG}}</ref>)<ref name=VMS>{{cite press release|title=Volkswagen DSG - World's first dual-clutch gearbox in a production car |publisher=[[Volkswagen Group|Volkswagen Group / Volkswagen AG]] |work=Volkswagen-Media-Services.com |date=22 November 2002 |url=https://www.volkswagen-media-services.com/medias_publish/ms/content/en/pressemitteilungen/2002/11/22/volkswagen_dsg_-_world.standard.gid-oeffentlichkeit.html |access-date=30 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524093743/http://www.volkswagen-media-services.com/medias_publish/ms/content/en/pressemitteilungen/2002/11/22/volkswagen_dsg_-_world.standard.gid-oeffentlichkeit.html |archive-date=24 May 2006 }}</ref><ref name=AboutCars>{{cite web|title=Twin Clutch / Direct Shift Gearbox (DSG) - What it is, how it works|url=http://cars.about.com/od/thingsyouneedtoknow/a/ag_howDSGworks.htm|work=Cars.About.com|access-date=27 October 2009|archive-date=7 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707075050/http://cars.about.com/od/thingsyouneedtoknow/a/ag_howDSGworks.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> is an electronically controlled, [[dual-clutch transmission|dual-clutch]],<ref name=VMS/> multiple-shaft, [[automatic gearbox]], in either a [[transaxle]] or traditional transmission layout (depending on engine/drive configuration), with automated [[clutch]] operation, and with fully-automatic<ref name=VMS/> or semi-manual gear selection. The first dual-clutch transmissions were derived from [[Porsche]] in-house development for the [[Porsche 962]] in the 1980s.

In simple terms, a DSG automates two separate "manual" gearboxes (and clutches) contained within one housing and working as one unit.<ref name=VMS/><ref name=AboutCars/><ref name=DCTfactsHow>{{cite web|title=How the Dual Clutch Transmission Works |url=http://www.dctfacts.com/widc_pg3a.asp |publisher=The Lubrizol Corporation |work=DCTfacts.com |year=2009 |access-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917055151/http://www.dctfacts.com/widc_pg3a.asp |archive-date=17 September 2009 }}</ref> It was designed by [[BorgWarner]] and is licensed to the [[Volkswagen Group]], with support by [[IAV|IAV GmbH]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2009}} By using two independent clutches,<ref name=VMS/><ref name=DCTfactsHow/> a DSG can achieve faster [[shift time]]s<ref name=VMS/><ref name=DCTfactsHow/> and eliminates the [[torque converter]] of a conventional [[Epicyclic gearing|epicyclic]] [[automatic transmission]].<ref name=VMS/>