Editing Distal radius fracture (section)

{{short description|Fracture of the radius bone near the wrist}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = Distal radius fracture
| synonyms        = Broken wrist<ref name=AO2013/>
| image           = Collesfracture.jpg
| width           =
| alt             =
| caption         = A [[Colles fracture]] as seen on X-ray: It is a type of distal radius fracture.
| pronounce       =
| field           = [[Orthopedics]], [[emergency medicine]]
| symptoms        = Pain, bruising, and swelling of the wrist<ref name=AO2013/>
| complications   =
| onset           = Sudden<ref name=AO2013/>
| duration        =
| types           = [[Colles' fracture]], [[Smith's fracture]], [[Barton's fracture]], [[Hutchinson fracture]]<ref name=Mac2016/>
| causes          = Trauma<ref name=Mac2016/>
| risks           = [[Osteoporosis]]<ref name=AO2013/>
| diagnosis       = Based on symptoms, [[radiography|X-rays]]<ref name=AO2013/>
| differential    =
| prevention      =
| treatment       = [[orthopedic cast|Casting]], surgery<ref name=AO2013/>
| medication      = [[Analgesics|Pain medication]], elevation<ref name=AO2013/>
| prognosis       = Recovery over 1 to 2 years<ref name=AO2013/>
| frequency       = ≈33% of broken bones<ref name=Mac2016/>
| deaths          =
}}
<!-- Definition and symptoms -->
A '''distal radius fracture''', also known as '''wrist fracture''', is a [[fracture (bone)|break]] of the part of the [[radius (bone)|radius bone]] which is close to the wrist.<ref name=AO2013>{{cite web|title=Distal Radius Fractures (Broken Wrist)-OrthoInfo - AAOS|url=http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00412|website=orthoinfo.aaos.org|access-date=18 October 2017|date=March 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702084652/http://www.orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00412|archive-date=2 July 2017}}</ref> Symptoms include pain, bruising, and rapid-onset swelling.<ref name=AO2013/> The [[ulna bone]] may also be broken.<ref name=AO2013/>

<!-- Cause and diagnosis -->
In younger people, these fractures typically occur during sports or a [[motor vehicle collision]].<ref name=Mac2016/> In older people, the most common cause is falling on an outstretched hand.<ref name=Mac2016/> Specific types include [[Colles' fracture|Colles]], [[Smith's fracture|Smith]], [[Barton's fracture|Barton]], and [[Chauffeur's fracture]]s.<ref name=Mac2016/> The diagnosis is generally suspected based on symptoms and confirmed with [[radiography|X-rays]].<ref name=AO2013/>

<!-- Treatment -->
Treatment is with [[orthopedic cast|casting]] for six weeks or surgery.<ref name=AO2013/> Surgery is generally indicated if the joint surface is broken and does not line up, the radius is overly short, or the joint surface of the radius is tilted more than 10% backwards.<ref name=Al2016/> Among those who are cast, repeated X-rays are recommended within three weeks to verify that a good position is maintained.<ref name=Al2016/>

<!-- Epidemiology and prognosis -->
Distal radius fractures are common,<ref name=Al2016>{{cite journal|last1=Alluri|first1=RK|last2=Hill|first2=JR|last3=Ghiassi|first3=A|title=Distal Radius Fractures: Approaches, Indications, and Techniques.|journal=The Journal of Hand Surgery|date=August 2016|volume=41|issue=8|pages=845–54|doi=10.1016/j.jhsa.2016.05.015|pmid=27342171}}</ref> and are the most common type of fractures that are seen in children.<ref name="Handoll et al 2018">{{cite journal |last1=Handoll |first1=Helen HG |last2=Elliott |first2=Joanne |last3=Iheozor-Ejiofor |first3=Zipporah |last4=Hunter |first4=James |last5=Karantana |first5=Alexia |title=Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |date=19 December 2018 |volume=2018 |issue=12 |pages=CD012470 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012470.pub2 |pmid=30566764 |pmc=6516962 }}</ref> Distal radius fractures represent between 25% and 50% of all broken bones and occur most commonly in young males and older females.<ref name=Al2016/><ref name=Mac2016>{{cite journal |last1=MacIntyre |first1=Norma J. |last2=Dewan |first2=Neha |title=Epidemiology of distal radius fractures and factors predicting risk and prognosis |journal=Journal of Hand Therapy |date=April 2016 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=136–145 |doi=10.1016/j.jht.2016.03.003 |pmid=27264899 }}</ref> A year or two may be required for healing to occur.<ref name=AO2013/> Most children with a buckle wrist fracture experience a broken wrist for life  and do have an increased chance of re-fracturing the same spot or other adverse effects.<ref name="Handoll et al 2018"/>
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