Editing Donbas (section)

{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{Short description|Region in eastern Ukraine}} 
{{redirect|Donbass|the 2018 film|Donbass (film)}}
{{confused|Dombås}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = Donbas
| native_name = Донбас ([[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]])
| native_name_lang = ua
| other_name = 
| image_map = Donetsian Region in Ukraine.svg
| map_alt = Map indicating the location of Donbass within Ukraine 
| map_caption = Location of Donbas within Ukraine 
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[Ukraine]]{{refn|group=note|Most of Donbas is under Russian occupation. Russia considers Donetsk and Luhansk regions as its administrative divisions since 2022.}}
| seat_type = Largest city 
| seat = [[Donetsk]]
| area_total_km2 = 53201
| population_footnotes =<ref name="census">{{cite web|url=http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/news/article;891/ |title=Ukraine Census, population as of 1st August 2012 |publisher=State Statistics Committee of Ukraine |accessdate=2009-06-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312174321/http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/news/article%3B891/ |archivedate=12 March 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 
| population_total = 6651378
| population_as_of = 2010
| population_density_km2 = 125
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| demographics_type1 = GDP
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Валовии регіональнии продукт|url=https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2008/vvp/vrp/vrp2008_u.htm|website=ukrstat.gov.ua}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Total
| demographics1_info1 = ₴ 220 billion<br />(US$27 billion)
| demographics1_title2 = Per capita
| demographics1_info2 = ₴ 33,000<br />(US$4,000)
}}

[[File:Map of Donbas region.svg|right|thumb|250px|A map showing the present-day definition of the Donbas within [[Ukraine]]]]
[[File:Ukraine-Donechyna_hu.png|right|thumb|250px|Map of the historical region of Donbas, within modern-day Ukraine and the [[Rostov Oblast]] of Russia]]
[[File:Ukraine geology.png|right|thumb|250px|Geology of Ukraine {{legend|#FF6600|(8)&nbsp;<nowiki>=</nowiki>&nbsp;Donets fold belt}}]]
The '''Donbas''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|d|ɒ|n|ˈ|b|ɑː|s}},<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Donbas |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301220252/https://www.lexico.com/definition/donbas |url-status=dead |archive-date=2021-03-01 |title=Donbas |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|d|ɒ|n|b|ɑː|s|,_|d|V|n|ˈ|b|æ|s}};<ref>{{cite American Heritage Dictionary|Donbas|access-date=2019-09-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite Merriam-Webster|Donbas|access-date=2021-12-26}}</ref> {{langx|uk|[[wikt:Донбас|Донбас]]}} {{IPA|uk|donˈbɑs|}};<ref name="Donets-Basin">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Donets-Basin |title=Donets Basin – region, Europe |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]]|date=4 June 2023 }}</ref>) or '''Donbass''' ({{langx|ru|[[wikt:Донбасс|Донбасс]]}} {{IPA|ru|dɐnˈbas|}}<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQxgk9Icxfs |title=Как далеко зайдет Москва на Донбассе. Срочное обращение Байдена. Первые санкции {{pipe}} ВЕЧЕР {{pipe}} 22.2.22 |trans-title= |language=ru |date=22 February 2022 |website=VoA.com |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |access-date=2022-02-22}}</ref>) is a historical, cultural, and economic region in eastern [[Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Donets+Basin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422045841/https://www.lexico.com/definition/donets_basin?s=t |url-status=dead |archive-date=2021-04-22 |title=Donets Basin |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref name="FTdonbass"/> The majority of the Donbas [[Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine|is occupied]] by [[Russia]] as a result of the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Kitsoft|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine – Temporary Occupation of Territories in Donetsk and Luhansk Regions|url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/temporary-occupation-territories-donetsk-and-luhansk-regions|access-date=2022-01-26|website=mfa.gov.ua|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kitsoft|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine – 10 facts you should know about the Russian military aggression against Ukraine|url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/10-faktiv-pro-zbrojnu-agresiyu-rosiyi-proti-ukrayini|access-date=2022-01-26|website=mfa.gov.ua|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Russian court document mentioned Russian troops "stationed" in eastern Ukraine. Moscow insists there are none.|date=17 December 2021 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russia-ukraine-troops-in-donbas-court-document-amid-concern-invasion/|access-date=2022-01-26|publisher=CBS News|language=en-US}}</ref>

The word ''Donbas'' is a [[portmanteau]] formed from "'''Donets Basin'''", an abbreviation of "'''Donets Coal Basin'''" ({{langx|uk|Донецький вугільний басейн|Donetskyi vuhilnyi basein}}; {{langx|ru|Донецкий угольный бассейн|Donetskiy ugolnyy basseyn}}). The name of the coal basin is a reference to the [[Donets Ridge]]; the latter is associated with the [[Donets]] river.

There are numerous definitions of the region's extent.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Тимошенко |first=Денис |date=2018-06-23 |script-title=ru:Донбасс – единственная часть Украины, возникшая из промышленного региона |trans-title=Donbass is the only part of Ukraine that emerged from an industrial region |url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/donbass-realii/29384102.html |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=[[Radio Liberty]] |language=ru}}</ref> The ''[[Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine]]'' defines the "small Donbas" as the northern part of [[Donetsk Oblast|Donetsk]] and the southern part of [[Luhansk Oblast|Luhansk]] regions of Ukraine, and the attached part of [[Rostov Oblast|Rostov]] region of Russia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ДОНБАС, РЕГІОН В УКРАЇНІ ТА РОСІЇ |url=http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=donbas |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=resource.history.org.ua}}</ref> The historical [[coal mining]] region excluded parts of Donetsk and Luhansk [[oblast]]s, and included areas in [[Dnipropetrovsk Oblast]] and [[Southern Russia]].<ref name="FTdonbass">{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=d5b689wW7qwC&q=history+of+donbass |title=Freedom and Terror in the Donbas: A Ukrainian-Russian Borderland, 1870s–1990s | publisher=Cambridge University Press | author=Hiroaki Kuromiya | year=2003 | pages=12–13 | isbn=0521526086}}</ref> A [[Euroregion]] of the same name is composed of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts in Ukraine and [[Rostov Oblast]] in [[Russia]].<ref name="ER23">{{cite web | url=http://www.aebr.eu/en/members/member_detail.php?region_id=186 | title=Euroregion Donbass | publisher=Association of European Border Regions | access-date=12 March 2015 | archive-date=16 March 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316084816/http://www.aebr.eu/en/members/member_detail.php?region_id=186 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Donbas formed the historical border between the [[Zaporizhian Sich]] and the [[Don Cossacks|Don Cossack Host]]. It has been an important coal mining area since the late 19th century, when it became a heavily industrialised territory.<ref name="racket" />

In March 2014, following the [[Euromaidan]] protest movement and the resulting [[Revolution of Dignity]], large swaths of the Donbas became gripped by [[2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine|pro-Russian and anti-government unrest]]. This unrest later grew into [[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|a war]] between Ukrainian government forces and pro-Russian separatists affiliated with the self-proclaimed [[Donetsk People's Republic|Donetsk]] and [[Luhansk People's Republic|Luhansk]] "People's Republics", who were supported by Russia as part of the broader [[Russo-Ukrainian War]]. The conflict split the Donbas into Ukrainian-held territory, constituting about two-thirds of the region, and separatist-held territory, constituting about one-third. The region remained this way for years until Russia launched [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022]]. On 30 September 2022, Russia unilaterally declared its [[Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts|annexation of Donbas together with two other Ukrainian oblasts, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dickson |first=Janice |date=30 September 2022 |title=Putin signs documents to illegally annex four Ukrainian regions, in drastic escalation of Russia's war |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-putin-signs-documents-to-unlawfully-claim-4-ukrainian-regions-in/ |access-date=5 March 2023}}</ref>

The city of [[Donetsk]] (the fifth largest city in Ukraine) is considered the unofficial [[Capital (political)|capital]] of the Donbas. Other large cities (over 100,000 inhabitants) include [[Mariupol]], [[Luhansk]], [[Makiivka]], [[Horlivka]], [[Kramatorsk]], [[Sloviansk]], [[Alchevsk]], [[Sievierodonetsk]], and [[Lysychansk]].