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Dual power
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{{Short description|Political theory}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}} {{About|the period in the [[Russian Revolution]]|the dual system of government in general|Diarchy|the type of locomotive sometimes called "dual-power" or "dual-mode power"|Electro-diesel locomotive}} {{Multiple issues|1= {{POV|date=December 2022}} {{More citations needed|date=December 2022}} }} '''Dual power''', sometimes referred to as '''counterpower''', refers to a strategy in which alternative institutions coexist with and seek to ultimately replace existing authority. The term was first used by the [[communist]] [[Bolshevik]] leader [[Vladimir Lenin]] (1870–1924){{sfnm |1a1=Lenin |1y=1964a |2a1=Lenin |2y=1964b |3a1=Trotsky |3y=1992 |3loc=ch. 11}} in the 1917 ''[[Pravda]]'' article titled "The Dual Power" (''Двоевластие, Dvoyevlastiye''), referring to the coexistence of two Russian governments as a result of the [[February Revolution]]: the [[Soviet (council)|Soviets]] ([[workers' council]]s), particularly the [[Petrograd Soviet]], and the [[Russian Provisional Government]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Lenin Anthology|last=Lenin|first=Vladimir|publisher=Norton|year=1975|location=London|pages=301–304|chapter="The Dual Power"}}</ref> Lenin saw this unstable power dynamic as an opportunity for revolutionaries to seize control. This notion has informed the strategies of subsequent [[communist]]-led revolutions elsewhere in the world, including the [[Chinese Communist Revolution]] led by [[Mao Zedong]] (1893–1976) after the [[Chinese Civil War]] (1927–1949) and in [[eastern Europe]] after [[World War II]] (1939–1945). While the term was initially associated with Bolshevik strategy, its meaning has since expanded among [[anarchism|anarchists]], [[municipalism|municipalists]], and other libertarian socialists advocating decentralized, non-hierarchical forms of governance.
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