Editing Dubrovnik (section)

{{Short description|Coastal city in southern Croatia}}
{{About|the city in Croatia||Dubrovnik (disambiguation)|and|Ragusa (disambiguation){{!}}Ragusa}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Dubrovnik
| official_name      = {{lang|hr|Grad Dubrovnik}}<br />City of Dubrovnik
| other_name         = Ragusa
| settlement_type    = [[List of cities and towns in Croatia|City]]
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| perrow = 1/2/2/2/1
| total_width = 260
| align = center
| caption_align = center
| image1 = The walls of the fortress and View of the old city. panorama.jpg
| caption1 = Old town of Dubrovnik
| image2 = Дубровник. Плаца - panoramio (1).jpg
| caption2 = [[Dubrovnik Cathedral]]
| image3 = Dubrovnik, palazzo del rettore, esterno 01.JPG
| caption3 = [[Rector's Palace, Dubrovnik|Rector's Palace]]
| image4 = Dubrovnik D81 4055 (38627453362).jpg
| caption4 = [[Dubrovnik Walls]]
| image5 = Dubrovnik, palazzo sponza 01.JPG
| caption5 = [[Sponza Palace]]
| image6 = Dubrovnik (20914149644).jpg
| caption6 = [[Stradun (street)|Stradun]]
| image7 = 
| caption7 = 
| image8 = 
| caption8 =  
}}
| image_flag         = St. Blaise - National Flag of the Ragusan Republic.png
| flag_size          = 135px
| image_seal         = 
| seal_size          = 
| image_shield       = Dubrovnik grb.svg
| shield_size        = 70px
| nicknames          = "Pearl of the Adriatic", "{{lang|la|Thesaurum mundi|i=no}}"<ref>{{cite web |last=Ward |first=Terry |title=12 Dreamy End-of-Year Escapes to Start Planning Now |url=https://traveler.marriott.com/hotel-experiences/end-of-year-vacation/ |website=Marriott Bonvoy Traveler |publisher=Marriott International |date=2022-12-15 |access-date=2025-04-16}}</ref>
| motto              = 
| image_map          = {{infobox mapframe | zoom = 9 | stroke-width = 1 | shape-fill-opacity = 0.25 }}
| map_caption        = 
| pushpin_map        = Croatia#Europe
| pushpin_mapsize    = 
| pushpin_map_caption = The location of Dubrovnik within Croatia
| coordinates        = {{coord|42|38|25|N|18|06|30|E|region:HR|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = [[Croatia]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Counties of Croatia|County]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Dubrovnik-Neretva County|Dubrovnik-Neretva]]
| established_title  = <!-- Settled -->
| established_date   = 
| established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
| established_date2  = 
| established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
| established_date3  = 
| government_type    = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor-Council]]
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = [[Mato Franković]] ([[Croatian Democratic Union|HDZ]])
| leader_title1      = City Council
| leader_name1       = {{Collapsible list
|title   = 21 members
|frame_style= border: none; padding: 0;
 |list_style=text-align:left;display:none;
 |1     =• [[Croatian Democratic Union|HDZ]] (7)
 |2     =• [[We Can! (Croatia)|SJG! – Možemo!]] (3)
 |3     =• [[Dubrovnik Democratic Assembly|DDS]] (3)
 |4     =• [[Independent politician|Independent]] (2)
 |5     =• [[Dubrovnik Party|Dustra]] (2)
 |6     =• [[Social Democratic Party of Croatia|SDP]] (2)
 |7     =• [[Bridge of Independent Lists|MOST]] (1)
 |8     =• [[Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats|HNS]] (1)
}}
| unit_pref          = metric
| area_footnotes     = <ref>{{Cite Q|Q119585703|mode=cs1}}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 142.6
| area_land_km2      = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
| area_urban_km2     = 12.1
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use tags-->
| elevation_m        = 3
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2021">{{Croatian Census 2021|S}}</ref>
| population_as_of   = 2021
| population_total   = 41562
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_urban   = 26922
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| population_metro   = 65808
| population_demonym = Dubrovčanin ([[Croatian language|hr]], male) <br />Dubrovčanka ([[Croatian language|hr]], female) <br />Dubrovkinja (local, female)<ref>[https://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=fF9vXRA%3D&keyword=Dubrov%C4%8Danin Dubrovčanin] Hrvatski jezični portal</ref>
| timezone           = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| timezone_DST       = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset         = +1
| utc_offset_DST     = +2
| postal_code_type   = Postal code
| postal_code        = HR-20 000
| area_code          = +385 20
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of Croatia|DU]]
| blank_name         = [[Patron saint]]
| blank_info         = [[Saint Blaise]]
| website            = {{URL|dubrovnik.hr}}
| footnotes          = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| child         = yes
| official_name = Old City of Dubrovnik
| criteria      = {{UNESCO WHS type|(i)(iii)(iv)}}(i)(iii)(iv)
| ID            = 95
| year          = 1979
| area          = {{convert|96.7|ha|acre|abbr=on}}
}}
}}

'''Dubrovnik''',{{efn|{{IPA|hr|dǔbroːʋniːk|lang|Hr-Dubrovnik.oga}},<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=fF9vXRI%3D |title=Dùbrōvnīk |work=Hrvatski jezični portal |language=hr |access-date=6 March 2017}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|UK|d|(|j|)|ʊ|ˈ|b|r|ɒ|v|n|ɪ|k}} {{respell|dyuu|BROV|nik}}, {{IPAc-en|US|d|uː|ˈ|-}} {{respell|doo|-}};<ref>{{cite EPD|18|Dubrovnik|page=151}}</ref>}} historically known as '''Ragusa''',{{efn|{{IPA|it|raˈɡuːza|lang|it-Ragusa.ogg}}}} is a city in southern [[Dalmatia]], [[Croatia]], by the [[Adriatic Sea]]. It is one of the most prominent [[tourist destination]]s in the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]], a [[Port|seaport]] and the centre of the [[Dubrovnik-Neretva County]]. In 2021, its total population was 41,562.<ref name=2021Census>{{cite web |title=Cultural diversity: Census Information on country of birth, year of arrival, ancestry, language and religion |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/people-and-communities/cultural-diversity-census/latest-release#cite-window2 |date=9 October 2022 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Recognizing its outstanding medieval architecture and fortifications, [[UNESCO]] inscribed the Old City of Dubrovnik as a [[World Heritage Site]] in 1979.<ref>{{cite web |title = Old City of Dubrovnik |url = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/95 |website = UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher = United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization |access-date = 22 May 2021}}</ref>

The history of the city probably dates back to the 7th century, when the town known as {{Lang|la|Ragusa}} was founded by refugees from [[Epidaurum]] ({{Lang|it|[[Cavtat|Ragusa Vecchia]]}}). It was under [[protectorate]] of the [[Byzantine Empire]] and later under the sovereignty of the [[Republic of Venice]]. Between the 14th and 19th centuries, Dubrovnik ruled itself as a [[Free state (polity)|free state]]. The prosperity of the city was historically based on [[trade|maritime trade]]; as the capital of the maritime [[Republic of Ragusa]], it achieved a high level of development, particularly during the 15th and 16th centuries, as it became notable for its wealth and skilled [[diplomacy]]. At the same time, Dubrovnik became a cradle of [[Croatian literature]]. In his letter to [[Nikola Nalješković]] (1564), poet Ivan Vidalić named it "crown of Croatian cities".<ref>{{cite book|last=Baždar-Paušek|first=Snježana|title=Dubrovački prirodoslovci u vrhu povijesti znanosti (od 15. do 19. stoljeća)|lang=hr|publisher=Ogranak Matice hrvatske u Dubrovniku|year=2020|location=Dubrovnik|page=9|isbn=978-953-7784-67-6}}</ref>

The entire city was almost destroyed in a [[1667 Dubrovnik earthquake|devastating earthquake]] in 1667. During the [[Napoleonic Wars]], Dubrovnik was occupied by the [[First French Empire|French Empire]] forces, and then the Republic of Ragusa was abolished and incorporated into the [[Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy]] and later into the [[Illyrian Provinces]] of France. In the early 19th to early 20th century, Dubrovnik was part of the [[Kingdom of Dalmatia]] within the [[Austrian Empire]]. Dubrovnik became part of the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] immediately upon [[Creation of Yugoslavia|its creation]], and it was incorporated into its [[Zeta Banovina]] in 1929, before becoming part of the [[Banovina of Croatia]] upon [[Cvetković–Maček Agreement|its creation in 1939]]. During [[World War II in Yugoslavia|World War II]], it was part of the [[Axis powers|Axis]] [[List of World War II puppet states|puppet state]] [[Independent State of Croatia]], before being reincorporated into [[Socialist Republic of Croatia]] in [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]].

In 1991, during the [[Croatian War of Independence]], Dubrovnik was [[Siege of Dubrovnik|besieged]] by the [[Yugoslav People's Army]] for seven months and suffered significant damage from shelling. After undergoing repair and restoration works in the 1990s and early 2000s, it re-emerged as one of the Mediterranean's top [[tourist destination]]s, as well as a popular [[filming location]]. According to Holidu, Dubrovnik was the most 'over-touristed' destination in Europe during 2023, with 27.4 tourists for each inhabitant.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=26 August 2024 |title=The European Cities Most Overloaded with Tourists |url=https://www.holidu.co.uk/magazine/european-cities-overtourism-index |publisher=Holidu}}</ref> Often called "''The Queen of [[Adriatic]]"''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Leier |first1=Manfred |title=100 Most Beautiful Cities of the World |date=2002 |publisher=Rebo International b.v. |location=The Netherlands |isbn=978-90-366-14856 |page=36,37 |edition=1st |url=https://www.jesenski-turk.hr/en/100-most-beautiful-cities-of-the-world-a-journey-across-five-continents |access-date=18 June 2024 |ref=Queen of Adriatic |quote="Queen of Adriatic"}}</ref> Dubrovnik is considered one of the most popular destinations in the [[Adriatic]] and in [[Europe]].