Editing Duke of Normandy (section)

{{Short description|Medieval ruler of the Duchy of Normandy}}
{{about||the messenger pigeon|Duke of Normandy (pigeon)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
[[File:Chronological tree of William I.svg|thumb|500px|Family tree of the early dukes of Normandy and Norman kings of England]]
In the [[Middle Ages]], the '''duke of Normandy''' was the ruler of the [[Duchy of Normandy]] in north-western [[Kingdom of France|France]]. The duchy arose out of a grant of land to the [[Viking]] leader [[Rollo]] by the French king [[Charles the Simple]] in 911. In 924 and again in 933, Normandy was expanded by royal grant. Rollo's male-line descendants continued to rule it until 1135, and cognatic descendants ruled it until 1204. In 1202 the French king [[Philip Augustus|Philip II]] declared Normandy a forfeited fief and by 1204 his army had conquered it. It remained a French [[Provinces of France|royal province]] thereafter, still called the Duchy of Normandy, but only occasionally granted to a duke of the royal house as an [[appanage]].

Despite both the 13th century loss of mainland Normandy, the renunciation of the title by [[Henry III of England]] in the [[Treaty of Paris (1259)]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dhi.ac.uk/normans/history.html |title=The historical background and the 'Lands of the Normans' |website=The Digital Humanities Institute |publisher=University of Sheffield}}</ref> and the extinction of the duchy itself in modern-day France, the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|monarch of the United Kingdom]] is regardless still often informally referred to by the title "Duke of Normandy." This is the title used whether the monarch is a king or a queen.