Editing Dushanbe (section)

{{Short description|Capital and largest city of Tajikistan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = 
| official_name      = Dushanbe
| native_name        = {{nativename|tg|Душанбe}}
| image_skyline      = <!-- images and maps  -----------> 
{{multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| perrow            = 1/2/2/1
| total_width       = 280

| image1 = Panorama_with_buildings,_Dushanbe.jpg
| caption1 = Dushanbe skyline
| image2 = Национальный_музей_Таджикистана.jpg
| caption2 = [[Tajikistan National Museum]]
| image3 = Памятник_Рудаки_в_Душанбе.jpg
| caption3 = Statue of [[Rudaki]]
| image4 = Фонтан_и_клумба_цветов.JPG
| caption4 = [[National Library of Tajikistan]]
| image5 = Ayni_Opera_Theatre_in_Dushanbe.JPG
| caption5 = [[Ayni Opera and Ballet Theatre|Ayni Opera House]]
| image6 = Palace_of_Nations_and_the_Flagpole,_Dushanbe,_Tajikistan.JPG
| caption6 = [[Palace of the Nation (Dushanbe)|Palace of the Nation]] and [[Dushanbe Flagpole]]
}}
| settlement_type    = [[Capital city]]
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = 
| image_flag         = 
| seal_size          = 
| image_shield       = 
| shield_size        = 
| nickname           = 
| motto              = <!-- images and maps  ----------->
| image_map          = Dushanbe in Tajikistan (special marker).svg
| mapsize            = 
| image_map1         = 
| mapsize1           = 
| map_caption1       = 
| image_seal         = Coat of arms of Dushanbe.svg
| map_caption        = Location of Dushanbe in Tajikistan
| pushpin_map        = Tajikistan#Asia
| pushpin_relief     = yes
| pushpin_mapsize    = 300
| coordinates        = {{coord|38|32|12|N|68|46|48|E|region:TJ|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{TJK}}
| leader_title       = [[Mayor of Dushanbe|Shahrdar]] (Mayor)
| leader_name        = [[Rustam Emomali]]
| leader_party       = [[People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan|PDPT]]
<!-- | area_magnitude                  = 1 E9 -->| area_land_km2      = 203
| area_water_km2     = <!-- | demographics_type1 = 
demographics1_title1 = 
demographics1_info1 = 
demographics1_title2 = 
demographics1_info2 = 
demographics1_title3 = 
 -->
| elevation_m        = 823
| population_total   = 1,564,700<ref name=":dushanbe1">{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=ШУМОРАИ АЊОЛИИ ЉУМЊУРИИ ТОЉИКИСТОН ТО 1 ЯНВАРИ СОЛИ 2022 |url=https://stat.tj/storage//1.01.2022.pdf |access-date=3 February 2023 |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010195817/https://stat.tj/storage//1.01.2022.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| population_rank    = [[List of cities in Tajikistan|1st in Tajikistan]]
| population_as_of   = March 2024
| area_urban_km2     = 185
| population_footnotes = 
| population_metro   = 3,147,000<ref name=":dushanbe1"/>
| blank_name_sec1    = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2021)
| blank_info_sec1    = 0.756<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br />{{color|#0c0|high}}
| website            = {{URL|www.dushanbe.tj}}
| timezone           = [[Tajikistan Time|TJT]]
| utc_offset         = +05:00
| elevation_footnotes = <ref 
name="About Dushanbe">{{Cite web|title=About Dushanbe|url=https://tj.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/about-dushanbe/|access-date=2020-08-01|website=U.S. Embassy in Tajikistan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=M.|first=Davidzon|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/11399951|title=Dushanbe, a guide|date=1983|publisher=Raduga|oclc=11399951}}</ref><ref name="Dushanbe-2021a"/>
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="Вечёрка-2020"/>
| named_for          = [[Monday]]
| elevation_min_m    = 750
| elevation_max_m    = 930
| postal_code_type   = Postal code
| postal_code        = 6-Digit
| subdivision_type1  = [[Regions of Tajikistan|Region]]
| subdivision_name1  = Dushanbe
| parts_type         = Districts
| blank1_name_sec2   = {{nowrap|[[Official languages]]}}
| blank1_info_sec2   = {{plainlist|
*[[Russian language|Russian]] (Interethnic)
*[[Tajik language|Tajik]] (State)<ref name="КОНСТИТУЦИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАДЖИКИСТАН">{{cite web |title=КОНСТИТУЦИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАДЖИКИСТАН |url=http://prokuratura.tj/ru/legislation/the-constitution-of-the-republic-of-tajikistan.html |website=prokuratura.tj |publisher=Parliament of Tajikistan |access-date=9 January 2020}}</ref>}}
| area_code          = 372<ref name="About Dushanbe"/>
| registration_plate = 01, 05<ref>{{Cite web|title=License Plates of Tajikistan|url=http://www.worldlicenseplates.com/world/AS_TAJI.html|access-date=2021-07-28|website=worldlicenseplates.com}}</ref>
}}
'''Dushanbe'''{{efn|{{langx|tg|Душанбе}}, {{IPA|tg|duʃæmˈbe}}; {{langx|ru|Душанбе}} {{IPA|ru|dʊʂɐnˈbɛ|}}}}{{efn|Literally "Monday".<ref name="CICA Summit-2019">{{Cite web|date=2020-07-30|title=General information about Dushanbe {{!}} Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia|url=http://www.cicasummit2019.tj/about-tajikistan/general-information-about-dushanbe|access-date=2021-01-16|website=[[Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730040626/http://www.cicasummit2019.tj/about-tajikistan/general-information-about-dushanbe|archive-date=30 July 2020|quote=The village Dushanbe arose at the crossroads. On Mondays big bazaars would be organized, which is where the village inherited its name "Dushanbe", meaning "Monday".}}</ref><ref name="D. Saimaddinov, S. D 2006">{{Cite book|last1=Saĭmiddinov|first1=Dodikhudo|title=Farḣangi tojikī ba rusī : 70 000 kalima va ibora|last2=Kholmatova|first2=S. D .|last3=Karimov|first3=S.|last4=Kapranov|first4=V. A .|publisher=Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature, Scientific Center for Persian-Tajik Culture|year=2006|location=Dushanbe|trans-title=Tajik-Russian dictionary: 70,000 words and phrases|oclc=76271036}}</ref><ref name="factbook">{{cite web|title=Tajikistan|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tajikistan/|access-date=30 January 2020|website=[[The World Factbook]]|publisher=[[CIA]]|quote=etymology: today's city was originally at the crossroads where a large bazaar occurred on Mondays, hence the name Dushanbe, which in Persian means Monday, i.e., the second day (du) after Saturday (shambe)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.donishnoma.tj/images/books/TNE/EMT-6.pdf|title=Tajik National Encyclopedia|page=272|access-date=2 September 2021|archive-date=8 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408230941/https://www.donishnoma.tj/images/books/TNE/EMT-6.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} is the [[Capital city|capital]] and largest city of [[Tajikistan]].  {{As of|2024|March}}, Dushanbe had a population of 1,564,700, with this population being largely [[Tajiks|Tajik]]. Until 1929, the city was known in Russian as '''Dyushambe''',{{efn|{{langx|ru|Дюшамбе}} {{IPA|ru|dʲʊʂɐmˈbɛ|}}}} and from 1929 to 1961 as '''Stalinabad''',{{efn|{{langx|tg|Сталинобод|Stalinobod}}, {{IPA|tg|(ɪ)stɐlinɔˈbɔd|pron}}; {{langx|ru|link=no|Сталинабад}} {{IPA|ru|stəlʲɪnɐˈbat|}}}} after [[Joseph Stalin]]. Dushanbe is located in the [[Gissar Valley]], bounded by the [[Gissar Range]] in the north and east and the [[Babatag Range|Babatag]], Aktau, Rangontau and Karatau mountains in the south, and has an elevation of 750–930 m. The city is divided into four districts: [[Ismail Samani]], [[Avicenna]], [[Ferdowsi]], and [[Mansur I|Shah Mansur]].

In ancient times, what is now or is close to modern Dushanbe was settled by various empires and peoples, including [[Mousterian]] tool-users, various [[neolithic]] cultures, the [[Achaemenid Empire]], [[Greco-Bactrian Kingdom|Greco-Bactria]], the [[Kushan Empire]], and [[Hephthalites]]. In the [[Middle Ages]], more settlements began near modern-day Dushanbe such as [[Hulbuk]] and its [[Palace of the governor of Khulbuk|famous palace]]. From the 17th to early 20th century, Dushanbe grew into a market village controlled at times by the Beg of [[Hisor]], [[Balkh]], and finally [[Emirate of Bukhara|Bukhara]], before being conquered by the [[Russian Empire]]. Dushanbe was captured by the [[Bolsheviks]] in 1922, and the town was made the capital of the [[Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] in 1924, which commenced Dushanbe's development and rapid population growth that continued until the [[Tajik civil war|Tajik Civil War]]. After the war, the city became capital of an independent [[Tajikistan]] and continued its growth and development into a modern city, today home to many international conferences.

Much of Dushanbe's education system dates from Soviet times and has a legacy of state control; today the largest university in Dushanbe, the [[Tajik National University]], is funded by the government. [[Dushanbe International Airport]] is the primary airport serving the city. Other forms of transport include the [[Trolleybuses in Dushanbe|trolleybus system]] dating from 1955, the small rail system, and the roads that traverse the city. Dushanbe's electricity is primarily hydroelectric, produced by the [[Nurek Dam]], and the aging water system dates from 1932. Tajikistan's healthcare system is concentrated in Dushanbe, meaning that the major hospitals of the country are in the city. The city makes up 20% of Tajikistan's GDP and has large industrial, financial, retail, and tourism sectors. Parks and main sights of the city include [[Victory Park, Dushanbe|Victory Park]], [[Rudaki Park]], the [[Tajikistan National Museum]], the [[Dushanbe Flagpole]], and the [[Tajikistan National Museum of Antiquities]].