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Dynamometer
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{{Short description|Machine used to measure force or mechanical power}} {{hatnote group| {{For|the dynamometer used in railroading|Dynamometer car}} {{Distinguish|Dynameter|Dynamo}} }} {{More citations needed|date=June 2011}} {{Use dmy dates |date=January 2023}} [[File:Dyno.jpg|thumb|360x360px|A [[chassis dynamometer]].]] A '''dynamometer''' or "dyno" is a device for simultaneously measuring the [[torque]] and [[rotational speed]] ([[Revolutions per minute|RPM]]) of an [[Heat engine|engine]], [[Electric motor|motor]] or other rotating [[Wiktionary:prime mover|prime mover]] so that its instantaneous [[Power (physics)|power]] may be calculated, and usually displayed by the dynamometer itself as [[Kilowatt|kW]] or [[Horsepower|bhp]]. In addition to being used to determine the torque or power characteristics of a machine under test, dynamometers are employed in a number of other roles. In standard emissions testing cycles such as those defined by the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]], dynamometers are used to provide simulated road loading of either the engine (using an engine dynamometer) or full powertrain (using a chassis dynamometer). Beyond simple power and torque measurements, dynamometers can be used as part of a testbed for a variety of engine development activities, such as the calibration of engine management controllers, detailed investigations into combustion behavior, and [[tribology]]. [[File:Hand dynamometer.jpg|alt=dynamometer device for hand strength measurement|thumb|Hand grip strength assessment]] In the medical terminology, hand-held dynamometers are used for routine screening of grip and [[hand strength]], and the initial and ongoing evaluation of patients with hand trauma or dysfunction. They are also used to measure grip strength in patients where compromise of the cervical nerve roots or peripheral nerves is suspected. In the [[Physical therapy|rehabilitation]], [[kinesiology]], and [[ergonomics]] realms, force dynamometers are used for measuring the back, grip, arm, and/or leg strength of athletes, patients, and workers to evaluate physical status, performance, and task demands. Typically the force applied to a lever or through a cable is measured and then converted to a moment of force by multiplying by the perpendicular distance from the force to the axis of the level.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.health.uottawa.ca/biomech/courses/apa4311/dynamometry.pps |publisher=University Ottawa |title=Dynamometry |first=D. Gorden E. |last=Robertson |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091116210059/http://www.health.uottawa.ca/biomech/courses/apa4311/dynamometry.pps |archive-date=2009-11-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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