Editing ENU (section)

{{other uses|ENU (disambiguation)}}

{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 443717474
| ImageFile = ENU.svg
| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageSize = 140
| ImageFile1 = ENU Ball and Stick.png
| ImageSize1 = 150
| ImageName = Skeletal formula of ENU
| PIN = ''N''-Ethyl-''N''-nitrosourea
| OtherNames = {{unbulleted list|''N''-Ethylnitrosourea{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}|1-Ethyl-1-nitrosourea|Nitrosoethylurea{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}|''N''-Nitroso-''N''-Ethylurea<ref name=niehs2021>{{cite web |title=N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea |url=https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/content/profiles/nitrosamines.pdf |website=Report on Carcinogens, Fourteenth Edition |publisher=NIEHS |access-date=10 August 2021}}</ref>
}}

| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| Abbreviations = ENU{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}
| CASNo = 759-73-9
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = P8M1T4190R
| PubChem = 12967
| ChemSpiderID = 12427
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| EINECS = 212-072-2
| UNNumber = 2811
| KEGG = C19178
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}}
| ChEBI = 23995
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 167667
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| RTECS = YT3150000
| Beilstein = 1761174
| SMILES = CCN(N=O)C(N)=O
| StdInChI = 1S/C3H7N3O2/c1-2-6(5-8)3(4)7/h2H2,1H3,(H2,4,7)
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = FUSGACRLAFQQRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
  }}

| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| C=3 | H=7 | N=3 | O=2
| LogP = 0.208
| pKa = 12.317
| pKb = 1.680
| VaporPressure = 0.00244 kPa @ 25˚C<ref name=niehs2021 />
| Absorbance = [[Molar attenuation coefficient|ε<sub>398</sub>]] = 11.86 mM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−1</sup><ref name="CSHP2008">{{cite journal | last1=Salinger | first1=Andrew P. | last2=Justice | first2=Monica J. | title=Mouse Mutagenesis Using N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea (ENU): Figure 1. | journal=Cold Spring Harbor Protocols | publisher=Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory | volume=2008 | issue=4 | year=2008 | issn=1940-3402 | doi=10.1101/pdb.prot4985 | page=pdb.prot4985| pmid=21356809 | s2cid=1589523 | doi-access=free }}</ref> 
  }}

| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| GHSPictograms = {{gHS skull and crossbones}} {{gHS health hazard}}
| GHSSignalWord = '''DANGER'''
| HPhrases = {{h-phrases|301|312|332|350|360}}
| PPhrases = {{p-phrases|280|308+313}}
| LD50 = 300 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> <small>(oral, rat)</small>
  }}

| Section4 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherFunction_label = ureas
| OtherFunction = {{unbulleted list|[[n-Nitroso-N-methylurea|''N''-Nitroso-''N''-methylurea]]}}
| OtherCompounds = {{unbulleted list|[[n-Methylformamide|''N''-Methylformamide]]|[[Dimethylformamide]]|[[Deuterated DMF]]|[[Acetylleucine]]}}
  }}
}}

'''ENU''', also known as ''N''-ethyl-''N''-[[nitroso]][[urea]] (chemical formula C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub>N<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), is a highly potent [[mutagen]]. For a given [[gene]] in [[mouse|mice]], ENU can induce 1 new [[mutation]] in every 700 loci. It is also toxic at high doses.

The chemical is an [[alkylation|alkylating]] agent, and acts by transferring the [[ethyl group]] of ENU to [[nucleobase]]s (usually [[thymine]]) in [[nucleic acid]]s. Its main targets are the [[spermatogonial stem cell]]s, from which mature [[spermatozoon|sperm]] are derived.