Editing Edward Jenner (section)

{{Short description|English physician and pioneer of vaccines (1749–1823)}}
{{For|the New Zealand poet and translator|Edward Jenner (writer)}}
{{Expand Spanish|Edward Jenner|date=March 2025}}
{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=9}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = 
| honorific_suffix  = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|FRS|FRCPE}}
| image             = Edward Jenner.jpg
| caption           = 
| birth_date        = {{birth-date|17 May 1749}}
| birth_place       = [[Berkeley, Gloucestershire]], England
| death_date        = {{Death date and age|1823|1|26|1749|5|17|df=y}}
| death_place       = Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England
| spouse            = {{marriage|Catherine Kingscote|1788|1815|reason=died}}
| children          = 3
| field             = Medicine/surgery, natural history
| work_institutions = 
| alma_mater        = {{Plainlist|
* [[St George's, University of London]]
* [[University of St Andrews]]
 }}
| academic_advisors = [[John Hunter (surgeon)|John Hunter]]
| known_for         = {{ubl|[[Vaccination]]|[[Smallpox vaccine]]}}
}}

'''Edward Jenner''' (17 May 1749 – 26 January 1823) was an English [[physician]] and [[scientist]] who pioneered the concept of [[vaccine]]s and created the [[smallpox vaccine]], the world's first vaccine.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Stefan |last=Riedel |pmc=1200696 |title=Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination |journal=Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=21–25 |date=January 2005 |publisher=Baylor University Medical Center |pmid=16200144 |doi=10.1080/08998280.2005.11928028}}</ref><ref name=Baxbydnb>{{cite ODNB |last=Baxby |first=Derrick|author-link = Derrick Baxby |title=Jenner, Edward (1749–1823) |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/14749 |year=2009 |origyear=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/14749 |access-date=2 December 2022 |freearticle=y}}</ref> The terms ''vaccine'' and ''vaccination'' are derived from ''Variolae vaccinae'' ('pustules of the cow'), the term devised by Jenner to denote [[cowpox]]. He used it in 1798 in the title of his ''Inquiry into the Variolae vaccinae known as the Cow Pox'', in which he described the protective effect of cowpox against smallpox.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Baxby |first=Derrick |title=Edward Jenner's Inquiry; a bicentenary analysis |journal=Vaccine |year=1999 |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=301–307 |pmid=9987167 |doi=10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00207-2}}</ref>

Jenner is often called "the father of [[immunology]]",<ref name="JennerBBC"/> and his work is said to have saved "more lives than any other man".{{r|"Baron1838_vol2"|page=100}}<ref name="Telegraph"/> In Jenner's time, smallpox killed around 10% of the global population, with the number as high as 20% in towns and cities where infection spread more easily.<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/only-in-britain/edward-jenner-discovers-the-smallpox-vaccine/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126061824/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/only-in-britain/edward-jenner-discovers-the-smallpox-vaccine/ |archive-date=26 January 2022  |url-access=subscription |url-status=dead |title=How did Edward Jenner test his smallpox vaccine? |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=13 May 2016 |publisher=[[Telegraph Media Group]] |access-date=2 December 2017}}</ref> In 1821, he was appointed physician to King [[George IV of the United Kingdom|George IV]], and was also made mayor of [[Berkeley, Gloucestershire|Berkeley]] and justice of the peace. He was a member of the [[Royal Society]]. In the field of zoology, he was among the first modern scholars to describe the [[brood parasitism]] of the [[common cuckoo|cuckoo]] ([[Aristotle]] also noted this behaviour in his ''[[History of Animals]]''). In 2002, Jenner was named in the [[BBC]]'s list of the ''[[100 Greatest Britons]]''.