Editing Eight-to-fourteen modulation (section)

{{short description|DC-free run-length limited line code used by several optical disc formats}}
'''Eight-to-fourteen modulation''' ('''EFM''') is a data encoding technique – formally, a ''[[line code]]'' – used by [[compact disc]]s (CD), [[laserdisc]]s (LD) and pre-[[Hi-MD]] [[MiniDisc]]s. '''[[#EFMPlus|EFMPlus]]''' is a related code, used in [[DVD]]s and [[Super Audio CD]]s (SACDs).

EFM and EFMPlus were both invented by [[Kees Schouhamer Immink|Kees A. Schouhamer Immink]]. According to [[European Patent Office]] former President [[Benoît Battistelli]], "Immink's invention of EFM made a decisive contribution to the digital revolution."<ref name=epo1>{{cite web
|url=http://www.epo.org/news-issues/press/releases/archive/2015/20150421n.html
|title=Pioneering the digital revolution: Kornelis Schouhamer Immink, developer of CD, DVD, and Blu-ray Disc coding named finalist for the European Inventor Award
|author=EPO
|access-date=2015-06-07
|archive-date=2019-01-31
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131145502/https://www.epo.org/news-issues/press/releases/archive/2015/20150421n.html
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>