Editing El Salvador (section)

{{Short description|Country in North Central America}}
{{About|the country in Central America}}
{{Pp-move}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}{{Use Oxford spelling|date = June 2020}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Republic of El Salvador
| common_name            = El Salvador
| native_name            = {{native name|es|República de El Salvador}}
| image_flag             = Flag of El Salvador.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of El Salvador.svg
| national_motto         = {{native phrase|es|Dios, Unión, Libertad|paren=off}}<br />"God, Union, Liberty"
| national_anthem        = {{native name|es|Himno Nacional de El Salvador|paren=off}}<br />"[[National Anthem of El Salvador]]"{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:El_Salvador%27s_national_anthem_(abridged).ogg]]}}
| image_map              = Orthographic Map of El Salvador.svg
| image_map2             = El Salvador Base map.png
| capital                = [[San Salvador]]
| coordinates            = {{coord|13|42|N|89|12|W|type:city_region:SV-SS}}
| largest_city           = capital
| official_languages     = [[Salvadoran Spanish|Spanish]]{{efn|The official language of El Salvador is established in the Article 62 of the Constitution of 1983 to be Castilian.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/sites/default/files/documents/decretos/69A06B07-4F30-4F0E-8FB1-D664A3E6D8CC.pdf |language= es |title=Constitución de la República de El Salvador (1983), art. 62 |access-date=October 30, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224220905/https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/sites/default/files/documents/decretos/69A06B07-4F30-4F0E-8FB1-D664A3E6D8CC.pdf |archive-date=2024-02-24}}</ref>}}
| languages_type         = Recognized languages
| languages              = [[Nawat language|Nawat]]{{efn|[[English language|English]] is also an academic language in public schools. For more information, see [[Languages of El Salvador]].}}
| ethnic_groups          = {{vunblist
   | 86.3% [[Mestizo]] (mixed [[White Latin Americans|White]] and [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas#El Salvador|Indigenous]])
   | 12.7% [[White Latin Americans|White]]
   | 0.2% [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas#El Salvador|Indigenous]]
   | 0.1% [[Afro-Salvadorans|Black]]
   | 0.6%  other}}
| ethnic_groups_ref      = <ref name="El Salvador Census 2007">{{cite web|url=http://www.digestyc.gob.sv/biblioteca/CENSOS/CENAPOVI2007/Tomo_IV_Vol.I_Municipios_Caracteristicas_Generales.pdf|title=VI Censo de población y V de vivienda 2007|page=336|publisher=Dirección General de Estadística y Censos|access-date=6 January 2023|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220071530/http://www.digestyc.gob.sv/biblioteca/CENSOS/CENAPOVI2007/Tomo_IV_Vol.I_Municipios_Caracteristicas_Generales.pdf|archive-date=20 December 2019}}</ref>
| demonym                = [[Salvadoran]]
| government_type        = Unitary [[presidential republic]]
| leader_title1          = [[President of El Salvador|President]]
| leader_name1           = [[Nayib Bukele]]
| leader_title2          = [[Vice President of El Salvador|Vice President]]
| leader_name2           = [[Félix Ulloa]]
| legislature            = [[Legislative Assembly of El Salvador|Legislative Assembly]]
| sovereignty_type       = [[Independence]]
| established_event1     = [[Act of Independence of Central America|Declared from Spain]]
| established_date1      = 15 September 1821
| established_event2     = Declared from the [[First Mexican Empire]]
| established_date2      = 1 July 1823
| established_event3     = {{nowrap|Declared from the<br />[[Federal Republic of Central America|Federal Republic of<br />Central America]]}}
| established_date3      = 30 January 1841
| established_event4     = International recognition<ref name="FitzGerald2014">{{cite book|author=David Scott FitzGerald|title=Culling the Masses|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ldNoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA363|date=22 April 2014|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-36967-2|page=363|access-date=6 November 2015|archive-date=10 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110213917/https://books.google.com/books?id=ldNoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA363#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>
| established_date4      = 18 February 1841
| established_date5      = 13 November 1898<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Slade|first1=William F.|title=The Federation of Central America|journal=The Journal of Race Development|year=1917|volume=8|issue=2|pages=204–276|doi=10.2307/29738239|jstor=29738239|hdl=2027/inu.30000056731338|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
| established_event5     = Withdrew from the [[Greater Republic of Central America]]
| area_km2               = 21,041
| area_rank              = 148th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] -->
| area_sq_mi             = 8,124 <!--Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]-->
| percent_water          = 1.5
| population_census      = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 6,029,976<ref name="census">{{cite web|url=https://censo2024.bcr.gob.sv/wp-content/uploads/tablas-geoportal/presentacion-de-resultados-censo-de-poblacion-y-vivienda-el-salvador-2024-segunda-entrega.pdf |title= Presentación Nacional de Resultados Censo de Población y Vivienda El Salvador 2024 (Segunda Entrega) |trans-title= National Presentation of Results of the Population and Housing Census of El Salvador 2024 (2nd Edition)|language=es|date=30 January 2025 |access-date=22 February 2025|work=[[Central Reserve Bank of El Salvador]] |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20250222101906/https://censo2024.bcr.gob.sv/wp-content/uploads/tablas-geoportal/presentacion-de-resultados-censo-de-poblacion-y-vivienda-el-salvador-2024-segunda-entrega.pdf |archive-date= 2025-02-22}}</ref>
| population_census_year = 2024
| population_census_rank = 114th
| population_density_km2 = 286.6
| population_density_sq_mi = 742.2 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
| population_density_rank = 48th
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $88.323 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.SV">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=253,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=1980&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title= World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (El Salvador) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |date=10 October 2024 |access-date=2 January 2025}}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 107th
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2025
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $13,753<ref name="IMFWEO.SV" />
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 114th
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} $37.843 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.SV" />
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 104th
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2025
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $5,893<ref name="IMFWEO.SV" />
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 108th
| Gini                   = 38.8 <!--number only-->
| Gini_year              = 2022
| Gini_change            = steady <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini_ref               = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/ |title=Gini Index coefficient|publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|access-date=24 September 2024}}</ref>
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI                    = 0.678 <!--number only-->
| HDI_year               = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
| HDI_change             = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI_ref                = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}</ref>
| HDI_rank               = 132nd
| currency               = {{unbulleted list 
  | [[United States dollar]] ([[ISO 4217|USD]]; since 2001)
  | [[Salvadoran colón]] (no longer in circulation, still legal) }}{{efn|The [[United States dollar|U.S. dollar]] is the main currency in use. Financial information can be expressed in U.S. dollars and in [[Salvadoran colón]]s, but the colón is out of circulation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bcr.gob.sv/ingles/integracion/ley.html |title=Main Aspects of the Law |access-date=8 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708094105/http://www.bcr.gob.sv/ingles/integracion/ley.html |archive-date=8 July 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://elsalvadorinfo.net/legal-currency-of-el-salvador/ |title=Legal currency of El Salvador | access-date=24 March 2025}}</ref> [[Bitcoin]] was designated as legal tender in 2021.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-57398274 |title=Bitcoin: El Salvador makes cryptocurrency legal tender |date=9 June 2021 |website=BBC |publisher= |access-date=9 June 2021 |quote= |archive-date=23 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623180912/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-57398274 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
| time_zone              = [[Central Time Zone|CST]]
| utc_offset             = −6
| utc_offset_DST         = 
| drives_on              = right
| calling_code           = [[Telephone numbers in El Salvador|+503]]{{efn| Telephone companies (market share): Tigo (45%), Claro (25%), Movistar (24%), Digicel (5.5%), Red (0.5%).}}
| cctld                  = [[.sv]]
| footnotes              = {{notelist|group=infobox}}
<!----ORPHANED:
| footnote_? = On the [[Coat of arms of El Salvador]], the country's name is written "Republica de El Salvador en la America Central", meaning "Republic of El Salvador in Central America"
 ----->| religion_year          = 2017
| religion_ref           = <ref name="state2017">{{cite web |title=International Religious Freedom Report for 2017: El Salvador |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2017&dlid=281072 |website=www.state.gov |access-date=31 December 2018 |archive-date=6 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606032924/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2017&dlid=281072 |url-status=live }} For percentages it cites the Institute of Public Opinion of the University of Central America May 2017 survey.</ref>
| religion               = {{unbulleted list
|{{Tree list}}
* 84.1% [[Christianity]]
** 44.9% [[Catholic Church in El Salvador|Catholicism]]
** 37.1% [[Protestantism]]
**2.1% other [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]]
{{Tree list/end}}
|15.2% [[Irreligion in Latin America|no religion]]|0.7% [[Religion in El Salvador|other]]}}
| today                  = 
}}

'''El Salvador''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-El Salvador.ogg|ɛ|l|_|ˈ|s|æ|l|v|ə|d|ɔr}}; {{IPA|es|el salβaˈðoɾ|lang|ES-pe - El Salvador.ogg}}, meaning "[[Jesus|The Saviour]]"}} officially the '''Republic of El Salvador''',{{efn|{{langx|es|República de El Salvador}}}} is a country in [[Central America]]. It is bordered on the northeast by [[Honduras]], on the northwest by [[Guatemala]], and on the south by the [[Pacific Ocean]]. El Salvador's capital and largest city is [[San Salvador]]. The country's population in 2024 was estimated to be 6 million according to a government census.<ref name="census" />

Among the [[Mesoamerica]]n nations that historically controlled the region are the [[Maya peoples|Maya]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fundar.org.sv/e_joyadeceren.html|title=Joya De Ceren Archaeological Park|website=FUNDAR|access-date=4 April 2020|archive-date=14 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914063837/http://www.fundar.org.sv/e_joyadeceren.html}}</ref> and then the [[Cuzcatlan|Cuzcatlecs]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Campbell|first=Lyle|title=The Pipil Language of El Salvador|publisher=Mouton Publishers|year=1985|pages=9}}</ref> Archaeological monuments also suggest an early [[Olmec]] presence around the first millennium BC.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ej1Ya6YDvpoC&q=olmec+stone+tazumal|title=An Archaeological Guide to Northern Central America: Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador|last=Kelly|first=Joyce|year=1996|page=288|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-2861-0|access-date=4 April 2020|archive-date=10 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110142627/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ej1Ya6YDvpoC&q=olmec+stone+tazumal#v=snippet&q=olmec%20stone%20tazumal&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> In the beginning of the 16th century, the [[Spanish conquest of El Salvador|Spanish Empire conquered]] the Central American territory, incorporating it into the Viceroyalty of [[New Spain]] ruled from [[Mexico City]]. However, the Viceroyalty of New Spain had little to no influence in the daily affairs of the isthmus, which was colonized in 1524. In 1609, the area was declared the [[Captaincy General of Guatemala]] by the Spanish, which included the territory that would become El Salvador until its independence from Spain in 1821. It was [[Central America under Mexican rule|forcibly incorporated]] into the [[First Mexican Empire]], then seceded, joining the [[Federal Republic of Central America]] in 1823. When the federation dissolved in 1841, El Salvador became a sovereign state, then formed a short-lived union with Honduras and [[Nicaragua]] called the [[Greater Republic of Central America]], which lasted from 1896 to 1898.<ref name="Boland2001">{{cite book|first=Roy|last=Boland|title=Culture and Customs of El Salvador|url=https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00bola|url-access=registration|date=1 January 2001|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-30620-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00bola/page/2 2]}}</ref><ref name="IhrieOropesa2011">{{cite book|first1=Maureen|last1=Ihrie|first2=Salvador|last2=Oropesa|title=World Literature in Spanish: An Encyclopedia &#91;3 volumes&#93;: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zPDFHE_5besC&pg=PA332|date=20 October 2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-08083-8|page=332|access-date=6 November 2015|archive-date=10 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110142632/https://books.google.com/books?id=zPDFHE_5besC&pg=PA332|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Haskin2012">{{cite book|first=Jeanne M.|last=Haskin|title=From Conflict to Crisis: The Danger of U.S. Actions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O9hr0Ze14H0C&pg=PA152|year=2012|publisher=Algora Publishing|isbn=978-0-87586-961-2|page=152|access-date=6 November 2015|archive-date=10 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110142623/https://books.google.com/books?id=O9hr0Ze14H0C&pg=PA152#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>

From the late 19th to the mid-20th century, El Salvador endured chronic political and economic instability characterized by coups, revolts, and a succession of authoritarian rulers. Persistent socioeconomic inequality and civil unrest culminated in the [[Salvadoran Civil War]] from 1979 to 1992, fought between the military-led government backed by the [[United States]], and a coalition of left-wing [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla]] groups. The conflict ended with the [[Chapultepec Peace Accords]]. This negotiated settlement established a multiparty constitutional republic, which remains in place to this day. 
During the civil war and afterwards, large numbers of Salvadorans emigrated to the United States. From 1980 through 2008, nearly one million Salvadorans emigrated to the United States, such that by 2008, they were the sixth largest immigrant group in the US.<ref name=migrationPolicy2010>{{cite web|last=Terrazas|first=Aaron Terrazas Aaron|date=5 January 2010|title=Salvadoran Immigrants in the United States in 2008|url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/salvadoran-immigrants-united-states-2008|access-date=25 October 2020|website=migrationpolicy.org|archive-date=10 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110142624/https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/salvadoran-immigrants-united-states-2008|url-status=live}}</ref>

El Salvador's [[economy of El Salvador|economy]] has historically been dominated by agriculture, beginning with the Spanish taking control of the indigenous [[cacao bean|cacao]] crop in the 16th century, with production centred in [[Izalco]], along with balsam from the ranges of [[La Libertad Department (El Salvador)|La Libertad]] and [[Ahuachapán Department|Ahuachapán]]. This was followed by a boom in use of the [[Indigofera|indigo plant]] in the 19th century, mainly for its use as a dye.<ref name="Montgomery1995">{{cite book|author=Tommie Sue Montgomery|title=Revolution in El Salvador: From Civil Strife to Civil Peace|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xTklQxPGe8C&pg=PA27|year=1995|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=978-0-8133-0071-9|page=27}}</ref><ref name="Murray1997">{{cite book|first=Kevin|last=Murray|title=El Salvador: Peace on Trial|url=https://archive.org/details/elsalvadorpeaceo0000murr|url-access=registration|date=1 January 1997|publisher=Oxfam|isbn=978-0-85598-361-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/elsalvadorpeaceo0000murr/page/8 8]–}}</ref> Thereafter the focus shifted to [[coffee]], which by the early 20th century accounted for 90% of export earnings.<ref name="Boland2001b">{{cite book|first=Roy|last=Boland|title=Culture and Customs of El Salvador|url=https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00bola|url-access=registration|date=1 January 2001|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-30620-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00bola/page/8 8]}}</ref><ref name="Pearcy2006">{{cite book|first=Thomas L.|last=Pearcy|title=The History of Central America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BJRoO1VWCSYC&pg=PA43|year=2006|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-32293-8|page=43|access-date=6 November 2015|archive-date=10 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110142732/https://books.google.com/books?id=BJRoO1VWCSYC&pg=PA43|url-status=live}}</ref> El Salvador has since reduced its dependence on coffee and embarked on diversifying its economy by opening up trade and financial links and expanding the manufacturing sector.<ref name="FoleyHapipi2005">{{cite book|first1=Erin|last1=Foley|first2=Rafiz|last2=Hapipi|title=El Salvador|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PPwwabJIEdkC&pg=PA43|year=2005|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=978-0-7614-1967-9|page=43|access-date=6 November 2015|archive-date=10 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110142730/https://books.google.com/books?id=PPwwabJIEdkC&pg=PA43#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Salvadoran colón|colón]], the currency of El Salvador since 1892, was replaced by the [[United States dollar]] in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|title=Main Aspects of the Law|url=http://www.bcr.gob.sv/ingles/integracion/ley.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708094105/http://www.bcr.gob.sv/ingles/integracion/ley.html|archive-date=8 July 2007|access-date=8 July 2007}} bcr.gob.sv</ref> As of 2019 economic improvements had led to El Salvador experiencing the lowest level of [[Economic inequality|income inequality]] among nearby countries. Among 77 countries included in a 2021 study, El Salvador had one of the least complex economies for doing business.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Barrera |first1=Jose |title=El Salvador está entre las 10 economías menos complejas para hacer negocios |date=15 September 2021 |url=https://diario.elmundo.sv/el-salvador-esta-entre-las-10-economias-menos-complejas-para-hacer-negocios/ |publisher=Diario El Mundo |access-date=19 September 2021 |archive-date=16 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916040429/https://diario.elmundo.sv/el-salvador-esta-entre-las-10-economias-menos-complejas-para-hacer-negocios/ |url-status=live }}</ref>