Editing Electronic voting (section)

{{Short description|Type of voting by election mechanism}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use American English|date = March 2019}}
{{Voting}}

'''Electronic voting''' is [[voting]] that uses [[Electronics|electronic]] means to either aid or handle casting and counting [[ballot]]s including voting time.

Depending on the particular implementation, e-voting may use standalone ''[[electronic voting machine]]s'' (also called EVM) or computers connected to the Internet ('''online voting''').  It may encompass a range of Internet services, from basic transmission of tabulated results to full-function online voting through common connectable household devices. The degree of [[automation]] may be limited to marking a paper ballot, or may be a comprehensive system of vote input, vote recording, data encryption and transmission to servers, and consolidation and tabulation of election results.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}

A worthy e-voting system must perform most of these tasks while complying with a set of standards established by regulatory bodies, and must also be capable to deal successfully with strong requirements associated with [[Computer security|security]], [[accuracy]], [[speed]], [[privacy]], [[Election audit|auditability]], [[accessibility]], [[data integrity]], [[Cost-effectiveness analysis|cost-effectiveness]], [[scalability]], [[anonymity]], [[trustworthiness]], and [[sustainability]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mugica |first1=Antonio |title=The Case for Election Technology |journal=European View |date=2015 |volume=14 |pages=111–119 |doi=10.1007/s12290-015-0355-5 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gibson |first1=J. Paul |last2=Krimmer |first2=Robert |last3=Teague |first3=Vanessa |last4=Pomares |first4=Julia |title=A review of E-voting: the past, present and future |journal=[[Annals of Telecommunications]] |date=2016 |volume=71 |issue=7–8 |pages=279–286 |doi=10.1007/s12243-016-0525-8|bibcode=2016AnTel..71..279G }}</ref>

Electronic voting technology can include [[punched card]]s, [[optical scan voting system]]s and specialized voting kiosks (including self-contained [[#Direct-recording electronic (DRE) voting system|direct-recording electronic voting systems]], or DRE). It can also involve transmission of [[ballot]]s and votes via telephones, private [[computer network]]s, or the Internet. The functions of electronic voting depend primarily on what the organizers intend to achieve.

In general, two main types of e-voting can be identified:

* e-voting which is physically supervised by representatives of governmental or independent electoral authorities (e.g. electronic voting machines located at polling stations);
* remote e-voting via the Internet (also called i-voting) where the voter submits his or her vote electronically to the election authorities, from any location.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://e-estonia.com/component/i-voting/|title=i-Voting|work=e-Estonia|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211005750/https://e-estonia.com/component/i-voting/|archive-date=11 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nea.gov.ph/issuances/memorandum-to-ecs/category/41-2013?download=750%3Amemo-2013-006-comelec-resolution-no.-9597-promulgated-on-december-21_2012|title=Res. 9597 Philippines concerning grid power requirements for various needs including i-voting|website=nea.gov.ph|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702042632/http://www.nea.gov.ph/issuances/memorandum-to-ecs/category/41-2013?download=750%3Amemo-2013-006-comelec-resolution-no.-9597-promulgated-on-december-21_2012|archive-date=2 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.electoralpractice.ch/2014/02/switzerlands-new-legislation-on-internet-voting/#sthash.FoF0XF9m.i6VEjuJm.dpbs|title=Switzerland's new legislation on internet voting|work=electoralpractice.ch|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402091803/http://www.electoralpractice.ch/2014/02/switzerlands-new-legislation-on-internet-voting/#sthash.FoF0XF9m.i6VEjuJm.dpbs|archive-date=2 April 2015|access-date=5 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Buchsbaum|first=T.|title=E-voting: International developments and lessons learnt|journal=Proceedings of Electronic Voting in Europe Technology, Law, Politics and Society. Lecture Notes in Informatics. Workshop of the ESF TED Programme Together with GI and OCG |year=2004}}</ref><ref name="Zissis&Lekkas">{{cite journal|last=Zissis|first=D.|author2=Lekkas|title=Securing e-Government and e-Voting with an open cloud computing architecture|journal=Government Information Quarterly|date=April 2011|volume=28|issue=2|pages=239–251|doi=10.1016/j.giq.2010.05.010}}</ref>

Many countries have used electronic voting for at least some elections, including [[Argentina]], [[Australia]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Belgium]], [[Brazil]], [[Canada]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[India]], [[Italy]], [[Japan]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[South Korea]], [[Malaysia]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Norway]],  the [[Philippines]], [[Spain]], [[Switzerland]], [[Thailand]], the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[United States]]. {{As of|2023}}, Brazil is the only country in which all elections are conducted through electronic voting.<ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.ft.com/content/07533564-2231-47a6-a7b8-2c7ae330efc5|title = The discreet US campaign to defend Brazil's election|last1 = Stott|first1 = Michael|last2 = Pooler|first2 = Michael|last3 = Harris|first3 = Bryan|date = June 22, 2023|accessdate = May 8, 2024|newspaper = [[Financial Times]]|url-access = subscription}}</ref>