Editing Elsevier (section)

{{Short description|Dutch publishing and analytics company}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Elsevier
| logo = Elsevier logo 2019.svg
| logo_caption = 
| image = 
| image_size = 
| image_caption = 
| trading_name = <!-- d/b/a/, doing business as - if different from legal name above -->
| native_name = <!-- Company's name in home country language -->
| native_name_lang = <!-- Use ISO 639-1 code, e.g. "fr" for French. If there is more than one native name, in different languages, enter those names using {{tl|lang}}, instead. -->
| romanized_name = 
| former_name = 
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| traded_as = 
| industry = Publishing
| genre = <!-- Only used with media and publishing companies -->
| fate = 
| predecessor = 
| successor = 
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1880}}
| founder = 
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| location_city = [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands
| location_country = 
| locations = <!-- Number of locations, stores, offices, etc. -->
| area_served = 
| key_people = Kumsal Bayazit, Chief Executive Officer
| products = 
| brands = 
| production = 
| services = 
| revenue = £2.909 billion (2022)<ref name=RELX>{{cite web |title=RELX Annual Report |url=https://www.relx.com/investors/annual-reports/2022 |website=RELX |access-date=20 July 2023 |archive-date=20 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720111741/https://www.relx.com/~/media/Files/R/RELX-Group/documents/reports/annual-reports/relx-2022-annual-report.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| operating_income = £1.078 billion (2022)<ref name=RELX />
| net_income = £2.021 billion (2022)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/RELX/relx/net-income |title=RELX Net Income 2006-2020 |website=Macrotrends |access-date=20 July 2023 |archive-date=20 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720112214/http://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/RELX/relx/net-income }}</ref>
| aum = 
| assets = 
| equity = 
| owner = 
| num_employees = 9500<ref name="about">{{cite web |title=Who we are |url=https://www.elsevier.com/about/this-is-elsevier |website=Elsevier |access-date=14 November 2024 |archive-date=2 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002184918/https://www.elsevier.com/about |url-status=live }}</ref>
| parent = [[RELX]]
| divisions = 
| subsid = 
| website = {{URL|https://www.elsevier.com/}}
| footnotes = 
| intl = 
}}

'''Elsevier''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɛ|l|s|ə|v|ɪər}} {{respell|EL-sə-veer}}) is a Dutch [[academic publishing]] company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content. Its products include journals such as ''[[The Lancet]]'', ''[[Cell (journal)|Cell]]'', the [[ScienceDirect]] collection of [[electronic journal]]s, ''[[Trends (journals)|Trends]]'', the ''[[Current Opinion (Elsevier)|Current Opinion]]'' series, the online citation database [[Scopus]], the SciVal tool for measuring research performance, the ClinicalKey search engine for clinicians, and the ClinicalPath evidence-based cancer care service. Elsevier's products and services include digital tools for [[Data management platform|data management]], instruction, research analytics, and assessment.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2017/02/02/plum-goes-orange-elsevier-acquires-plum-analytics/ |title=Plum Goes Orange – Elsevier Acquires Plum Analytics |last=Carpenter |first=Todd |publisher=[[Society for Scholarly Publishing]] |date=2 February 2017 |website=[[The Scholarly Kitchen]] |access-date=1 January 2021 |archive-date=5 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805203647/https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2017/02/02/plum-goes-orange-elsevier-acquires-plum-analytics/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ors.ubc.ca/resources-links/elseviers-scival |title=Elsevier's SciVal |publisher=[[University of British Columbia]] |access-date=1 January 2021 |archive-date=24 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124085807/https://ors.ubc.ca/resources-links/elseviers-scival |url-status=live }}</ref> Elsevier is part of the [[RELX Group]], known until 2015 as Reed Elsevier, a publicly traded company. According to RELX reports, in 2022 Elsevier published more than 600,000 articles annually in over 2,800 journals.<ref name=RELX /> As of 2018, its archives contained over 17 million documents and 40,000 [[Ebook|e-books]], with over one billion annual downloads.<ref name="RELX 2018 Report">{{Cite web |date=March 2022 |title=2021 RELX Group Annual Report |url=https://reports.relx.com/2021/esef-ar-uk/549300WSX3VBUFFJOO66-2021-12-31-Viewer.html |publisher=RELX |department=RELX Company Reports |access-date=16 March 2022 |archive-date=9 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109101348/https://reports.relx.com/2021/esef-ar-uk/549300WSX3VBUFFJOO66-2021-12-31-Viewer.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Researchers have criticized Elsevier for its high profit margins and [[Copyright policies of academic publishers|copyright practices]].<ref name=boyc >{{cite news |last=Lin |first=Thomas |date=13 February 2012 |title=Mathematicians Organize Boycott of a Publisher |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/14/science/researchers-boycott-elsevier-journal-publisher.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=26 February 2017 |archive-date=29 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329132139/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/14/science/researchers-boycott-elsevier-journal-publisher.html?_r=1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Swoger 2013">{{cite web | last=Swoger | first=Bonnie | title=Is Elsevier really for-science? Or just for-profit? | website=Scientific American Blog Network | date=12 December 2013 | url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/information-culture/is-elsevier-really-for-science-or-just-for-profit/ | access-date=13 April 2022 | archive-date=13 April 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413011430/https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/information-culture/is-elsevier-really-for-science-or-just-for-profit/ | url-status=live }}</ref> The company had a reported profit before tax of £2.295 billion with an adjusted [[operating margin]] of 33.1% in 2023.<ref name="relx-results-press-release-2018">{{Cite web |title=RELX 2023 Results |url=https://www.relx.com/media/press-releases/year-2024/relx-2023-results |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=www.relx.com |language=en}}</ref> Much of the research that Elsevier publishes is publicly funded; its high costs have led to accusations of [[rent-seeking]],<ref>{{cite web|date=20 September 2017|title=Publishers increasingly in control of scholarly infrastructure and this is why we should care|url=https://knowledgegap.org/index.php/sub-projects/rent-seeking-and-financialization-of-the-academic-publishing-industry/preliminary-findings/|access-date=11 May 2021|website=The Knowledge G.A.P.|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511133746/http://knowledgegap.org/index.php/sub-projects/rent-seeking-and-financialization-of-the-academic-publishing-industry/preliminary-findings/|url-status=live|author-first1=Alejandro|author-last1=Posada|author-first2=George|author-last2=Chen}}</ref> boycotts against them, and the rise of alternate avenues for publication and access, such as [[preprint]] servers and [[shadow library|shadow libraries]].<ref name="Resnick 2019">{{cite web | last=Resnick | first=Brian | title=The war to free science | website=Vox | date=3 June 2019 | url=https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/2019/6/3/18271538/open-access-elsevier-california-sci-hub-academic-paywalls | access-date=13 April 2022 | archive-date=11 April 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411001120/https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/2019/6/3/18271538/open-access-elsevier-california-sci-hub-academic-paywalls | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Buranyi 2017">{{cite web | last=Buranyi | first=Stephen | title=Is the staggeringly profitable business of scientific publishing bad for science? | website=The Guardian | date=27 June 2017 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jun/27/profitable-business-scientific-publishing-bad-for-science | access-date=13 April 2022 | archive-date=12 April 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412221336/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jun/27/profitable-business-scientific-publishing-bad-for-science | url-status=live }}</ref>

{{TOC limit|3}}