Editing Emigration (section)

{{Short description|Act of leaving one's country or region to settle in another}}
{{Distinguish|Immigration|Migration (disambiguation){{!}}migration}}
{{Redirect|Emigrant|other uses|The Emigrants (disambiguation)}}
{{redirect|Emigrate|other uses|Emigrate (disambiguation)}}
'''Emigration''' is the act of leaving a resident country or place of residence<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Miriam-Webster Dictionary |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/emigrate |title=emigrate |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818172527/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/emigrate |archive-date=2017-08-18}}</ref> with the intent to settle elsewhere (to permanently leave a country).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary |url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/emigration |title=Emigration |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129153043/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/emigration |archive-date=2014-11-29}}</ref> Conversely, immigration describes the movement of people into one country from another (to permanently move to a country).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary |url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/immigration |title=Immigration |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518081143/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/immigration |archive-date=2016-05-18}}</ref> A migrant ''emigrates'' from their old country, and ''immigrates'' to their new country. Thus, both emigration and immigration describe [[International migration|migration]], but from different countries' perspectives. 

[[File:Affiche émigration JP au BR-déb. XXe s..jpg|thumb|Japanese government poster in the early 20th century promoting emigration to South America, with Brazil highlighted]]

Demographers examine [[push and pull factors]] for people to be pushed out of one place and attracted to another. There can be a desire to escape negative circumstances such as shortages of land or jobs, or unfair treatment. People can be pulled to the opportunities available elsewhere. Fleeing from oppressive conditions, being a [[refugee]] and [[Asylum seeker|seeking asylum]] to get [[Refugee#Refugee status|refugee status]] in a foreign country, may lead to permanent emigration.

[[Forced displacement]] refers to groups that are forced to abandon their native country, such as by enforced [[population transfer]] or the threat of [[ethnic cleansing]]. Refugees and asylum seekers in this sense are the most marginalized extreme cases of migration,<ref name="Szkudlarek 461–484">{{Cite journal|last1=Szkudlarek|first1=Betina|last2=Nardon|first2=Luciara|last3=Osland|first3=Joyce S.|last4=Adler|first4=Nancy J.|last5=Lee|first5=Eun Su|date=August 2021|title=When Context Matters: What Happens to International Theory When Researchers Study Refugees|url=http://journals.aom.org/doi/10.5465/amp.2018.0150|journal=Academy of Management Perspectives|language=en|volume=35|issue=3|pages=461–484|doi=10.5465/amp.2018.0150|issn=1558-9080|url-access=subscription}}</ref> facing multiple hurdles in their journey and efforts to integrate into the new settings.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Eun Su|last2=Szkudlarek|first2=Betina|last3=Nguyen|first3=Duc Cuong|last4=Nardon|first4=Luciara|date=April 2020|title=Unveiling the Canvas Ceiling : A Multidisciplinary Literature Review of Refugee Employment and Workforce Integration|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijmr.12222|journal=International Journal of Management Reviews|language=en|volume=22|issue=2|pages=193–216|doi=10.1111/ijmr.12222|s2cid=216204168|issn=1460-8545|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Scholars in this sense have called for cross-sector engagement from businesses, non-governmental organizations, educational institutions, and other stakeholders within the receiving communities.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Eun Su|last2=Szkudlarek|first2=Betina|date=2021-04-14|title=Refugee employment support: The HRM–CSR nexus and stakeholder co-dependency|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1748-8583.12352|journal=Human Resource Management Journal|volume=31|issue=4|language=en|pages=1748–8583.12352|doi=10.1111/1748-8583.12352|s2cid=234855263|issn=0954-5395|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last1=Lee|first1=Eun Su|title=Integrating Refugees Into the Workplace – A Collaborative Approach|date=2021-08-16|url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/978-1-83982-826-320211011/full/html|work=Intercultural Management in Practice|pages=121–129|editor-last=Chavan|editor-first=Meena|publisher=Emerald Publishing Limited|doi=10.1108/978-1-83982-826-320211011|isbn=978-1-83982-827-0|access-date=2021-09-27|last2=Roy|first2=Priya A.|last3=Szkudlarek|first3=Betina|s2cid=238706123|editor2-last=Taksa|editor2-first=Lucy|url-access=subscription}}</ref>