Editing Emilio Aguinaldo (section)

{{Short description|Philippine revolutionary leader who headed several insurgent governments}}
{{Redirect|General Emilio Aguinaldo|the municipality|General Emilio Aguinaldo, Cavite}}
{{family name hatnote|Aguinaldo|Famy|lang=Spanish}}
{{Lead too short|date=February 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix    = <!-- See discussion at "WP:BRD discussion re the honorific-prefix parameter in the infobox" on the talk page -->
| name                = Emilio Aguinaldo
| birth_name          = Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy
| image               = Emilio Aguinaldo ca. 1919 (Restored).jpg
| caption             = Aguinaldo {{circa|1919}}
| primeminister       = {{unbulleted list|child=yes|[[Apolinario Mabini]]|(January 23 – May 7, 1899)|[[Pedro Paterno]]|(May 7 – November 13, 1899)}}
| predecessor         = ''Position established''<br />[[Diego de los Ríos]] (as [[Governor-General of the Philippines]])
| successor           = ''Position abolished''<br>[[Miguel Malvar]]{{efn|Unofficial. Malvar acted unofficially as head of the Philippine Republic after Aguinaldo was captured. However, Manuel Quezon, elected in 1935, is officially considered to be the next president following Aguinaldo.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/features/miguel-malvar-a2212-20190909-lfrm|title=Miguel Malvar Was the Forgotten President of the Philippine Republic|date=September 9, 2019|magazine=Esquire}}</ref>}}<br />[[Manuel L. Quezon]]{{efn|As officially recognized by the contemporary Philippine government; President of the [[Philippine Commonwealth]] in 1935}}
| title               = 1st [[President of the Philippines]]<ref name="iIBcw" />
| term_start          = January 23, 1899{{efn|It was the date of Aguinaldo's inauguration as president under the [[First Philippine Republic]] of the [[Malolos Constitution]].<ref name="inaugural1899">{{Cite speech |date=January 23, 1899 |title=Inaugural Address of President Aguinaldo, January 23, 1899 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1899/01/23/inaugural-address-of-president-aguinaldo-january-23-1899/ |access-date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=[[Official Gazette (Philippines)|Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]] |archive-date=June 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624094006/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1899/01/23/inaugural-address-of-president-aguinaldo-january-23-1899/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> He had held positions as president of the revolutionary government from March 22, 1897, to November 2, 1897, president of the [[Biak-na-Bato Republic]] from November 2, 1897, to December 20, 1897, head of a dictatorial government from May 24, 1898, to June 23, 1898, and president of another revolutionary government from June 23, 1898, to January 22, 1899.<ref name="when" />}}
| term_end            = April 19, 1901{{efn|It was the date that Aguinaldo formally swore an oath accepting the authority of the United States over the Philippines and pledging his allegiance to the American government after he was captured in March 23.}}
| title1              = [[List of unofficial Presidents of the Philippines|President]] of the [[Revolutionary Government of the Philippines]]
| term_start1         = June 23, 1898
| term_end1           = January 23, 1899
| primeminister1      = {{unbulleted list|child=yes|[[Apolinario Mabini]] |(January 2–23, 1899)}}
| predecessor1        = ''Position established''
| successor1          = ''Position abolished'' (Revolutionary government superseded by the {{Flag|First Philippine Republic}})
| title2              = [[Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines|Commanding General of the Philippine Revolutionary Army]]
| president2          = ''Himself''
| predecessor2        = [[Antonio Luna]]
| term_start2         = June 5, 1899
| term_end2           = April 19, 1901
| title3              = [[Dictator#Modern usage in formal titles|Dictator]]<!---Titular title---> of the [[Dictatorial Government of the Philippines|Philippines]]
| term_start3         = May 24, 1898
| term_end3           = June 23, 1898
| predecessor3        = ''Position established''
| successor3          = ''Position abolished'' (Dictatorial government replaced by a revolutionary government with Aguinaldo assuming the title ''president'')
| title4              = [[List of unofficial Presidents of the Philippines|President]] of the [[Republic of Biak-na-Bato]]
| term_start4         = November 2, 1897
| term_end4           = December 14, 1897
| vicepresident4      = [[Mariano Trías]]
| predecessor4        = ''Position established''
| successor4          = ''Position abolished''
| title5              = [[List of unofficial Presidents of the Philippines|President]] of the [[Tejeros Convention|Tejeros Revolutionary Government]]
| term_start5         = March 22, 1897
| term_end5           = November 1, 1897
| predecessor5        = ''Position established''
| successor5          = ''Position abolished'' (Tejeros government superseded by the Republic of Biak-na-Bato)
| vicepresident5      = [[Mariano Trías]]
| title6              = Member of the [[Council of State (Philippines)|Council of State]] of the [[Second Philippine Republic|Republic of the Philippines]]
| term_start6         = June 19, 1943
| term_end6           = August 17, 1945
| predecessor6        = ''Position established''
| successor6          = ''Position abolished''
| signature           = Emilio Aguinaldo autograph.svg
| party               = {{ubl|[[National Socialist Party (Philippines)|National Socialist]] (1935–1936){{refn|Aguinaldo ran for president in [[1935 Philippine presidential election|1935]] under the ticket of the [[National Socialist Party (Philippines)|National Socialist Party]],<ref name="nUHd7" /> but in opening his campaign he disavowed association with any political party.<ref name="CyWID" />|group=infobox}}|[[Independent politician|Independent]] (until 1935)}}
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1869|3|22}}
| birth_place         = [[Kawit|Cavite el Viejo]], [[Cavite]], [[Captaincy General of the Philippines]], [[Spanish Empire]]
| death_date          = {{death date and age|1964|2|6|1869|3|23}}
| death_place         = [[Quezon City]], Philippines
| resting_place       = [[Aguinaldo Shrine|Emilio Aguinaldo Shrine]], [[Kawit]], Cavite, Philippines
| spouse              = {{ubl|{{marriage|[[Hilaria Aguinaldo|Hilaria del Rosario]]|1896|1921|reason=died}}|{{marriage|María Agoncillo|1930|1963|reason=died}}}}
| children            = 5
| alma_mater          = [[Colegio de San Juan de Letran]]
| profession          = {{hlist|Statesman|Military leader}}
| nickname            = {{ubl|"Kapitan Miong"|"Heneral Miong"|"Ka Miong"|"El [[Caudillo]]"|"Magdalo"|"Hermano Colon"}}
| allegiance          = {{ubl
|{{flagicon image|Philippine revolution flag magdalo alternate.svg}} 1896 [[Katipunan]] ([[Magdalo (Katipunan faction)|Magdalo]])
|[[File:Flag of the Tagalog people.svg|25px]] 1897 [[Republic of Biak-na-Bato]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1898–1901).svg}} 1899 [[First Philippine Republic]]
}}
| branch              = [[File:Seal of the Philippine Army (1897).svg|23px]] [[Philippine Revolutionary Army]]
| serviceyears        = 1896–1901
| rank                = [[File:PR Ministro Mariscal.svg|15px]] [[Generalissimo]] [[Field Marshal of the Philippines|Minister Marshal]]
| unit                = 
| commands            = 
| battles             = {{tree list}}[[Philippine Revolution]]
**[[Kawit revolt]]
**[[Battle of Imus]]
**[[Battle of Talisay]]
**[[Battle of Binakayan-Dalahican|Battle of Binakayan]]
**[[Battle of Pateros]]
**[[Battle of Zapote Bridge (1897)|Battle of Zapote Bridge]]
**[[Battle of Naic]]
**[[Battle of Mount Puray]]
**[[Battle of Aliaga]]<br />
{{tree list/end}}
{{tree list}}[[Spanish–American War]]
**[[Battle of Alapan]]
**[[Battle of Manila (1898)|Battle of Manila]]
{{tree list/end}}
{{tree list}}[[Philippine–American War]]
**[[Battle of Marilao River]]
{{tree list/end}}
| awards              = {{ubl|[[Quezon Service Cross]]|[[Philippine Legion of Honor]]|[[Presidential Medal of Merit (Philippines)|Presidential Medal of Merit]]|[[Order of the Knights of Rizal]]}}

<!--Military service-->| image_size          = 220px
| imagesize           = 
| footnotes           = Footnotes:<br />
{{reflist|group=infobox}}
}}
'''Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy''' {{Post-nominals|post-noms=[[Quezon Service Cross|QSC]] [[Philippine Legion of Honor|CCLH]] [[Presidential Medal of Merit (Philippines)|PMM]] [[Knights of Rizal|KGCR]]}}{{efn|name="name"|In the [[Philippine Declaration of Independence|Philippine "Declaration of Independence"]] his maternal family name is given as Fami.<ref name="LD04Q" /><ref name="MTEpC" />}} ({{IPA|es|eˈmiljo aɣiˈnaldoj ˈfami|lang}}: March 22, 1869{{spnd}}February 6, 1964) was a Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military leader who became the first [[List of presidents of the Philippines|president of the Philippines]] (1899–1901), and the first president of an [[Asia (continent)|Asian]] constitutional republic. He served the 2nd shortest term as president of the Philippines, lasting for only 2 years and 27 days, only behind [[Sergio Osmeña]] by 516 days, of which, he only lasted from August 1, 1944 to May 28, 1946. He led the Philippine forces first against [[Spain]] in the [[Philippine Revolution]] (1896–1898), then in the [[Spanish–American War]] (1898), and finally against the [[United States]] during the [[Philippine–American War]] (1899–1901). He is regarded in the Philippines as having been the country's first president during the period of the [[First Philippine Republic]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://museums.gov.ph/gallery-2-presidents-aguinaldo-quezon-laurel/|title=Presidents Aguinaldo, Quezon & Laurel|work=Malacañang Heritage Mansions |publisher=Presidential Museum of the Philippines|date=n.d.|accessdate=August 10, 2024}}</ref> though he was not recognized as such outside of the [[Philippine Revolution|revolutionary Philippines]].

Aguinaldo is known as a [[national hero]] in the Philippines.<ref name="official" /> However, he was also known to be somewhat controversial due to his alleged involvement in the deaths of the revolutionary leader [[Andrés Bonifacio]] and general [[Antonio Luna]], and for his collaboration with the [[Empire of Japan]] during their [[Japanese occupation of the Philippines|occupation of the Philippines]] in [[World War II]].<ref name=asa2015p170q>{{harvnb|Ara|2015|p=170}} "Aguinaldo's collaboration with Japan began with his contact with Gen. Masami Maeda, Homma's chief of staff.[...] Aguinaldo (ca. 1942) voluntarily met with Maeda at his residence in Cavite to suggest the creation of a provisional government to terminate American rule and cooperate with the Japanese."</ref>
{{anchor|earlylife}}