Editing Emirate of Transjordan (section)

{{Short description|British protectorate, 1921–1946; predecessor to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan}}
{{About|the 1921–1946 British protectorate||Transjordan (disambiguation)}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Amirate of Trans-Jordan
| native_name            = {{Native name|ar|إمارة شرق الأردن}} <br/> {{Transliteration|ar|Imārat Sharq al-Urdun}}
| common_name            = Transjordan
| empire                 = United Kingdom
| image_flag             = Flag of the Emirate of Transjordan.svg
| image_flag2            = 
| flag_type              = [[Flag of Jordan|Flag]] <br/> (1928–1939)
| national_motto         = 
| symbol                 = 
| symbol_type            = [[Coat of arms of Jordan|Coat of arms]]
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Jordan.svg
| image_map              = Emirate of Transjordan.png
| image_map_caption      = The area administered by the Emirate
| status                 = [[League of Nations mandate|Mandate]] of the [[United Kingdom]]
| status_text            = 
| capital                = [[Amman]]
| official_languages     = [[Arabic]]
| common_languages       = 
| coordinates            = {{Coord|31.9575|N|35.9475|E|display=title}}
| government_type        = [[Absolute monarchy]]
| title_leader           = [[List of kings of Jordan|Emir]]
| year_leader1           = 1921–1946
| leader1                = [[Abdullah I of Jordan|Abdullah I]]
| title_representative   = [[List of high commissioners for Palestine and Transjordan|High Commissioner]]
| year_representative1   = 1921–1925 (first)
| representative1        = [[Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel|Herbert Samuel]]
| year_representative2   = 1945–1946 (last)
| representative2        = [[Alan Cunningham]]
| title_deputy           = [[Prime Minister of Jordan|Prime Minister]]
| year_deputy1           = 1921 (first)
| deputy1                = [[Rashid Talaa]]
| year_deputy2           = 1945–1946 (last)
| deputy2                = [[Ibrahim Hashem]]
| era                    = {{Flat list|
* [[Interwar period|Interwar]]
* [[World War II]]
* [[Cold War]]
}}
| event_pre              = [[Cairo Conference (1921)|Cairo Conference]]
| date_pre               = March 1921
| event_start            = [[Establishment of the Emirate of Transjordan|Established]]
| date_start             = 11 April{{sfn|Salibi|1998|p=93}}<ref name=Hussein/>
| year_start             = 1921
| event1                 = Independence announcement{{sfn|Wilson|1990|p=75|ps=: Wilson cites Political report for Palestine and Transjordan, May 1923, FO 371/8998}}
| date_event1            = 25 April 1923
| event2                 = Anglo-Transjordanian treaty
| date_event2            = 20 February 1928
| event3                 = [[Treaty of London (1946)|Elevated to kingdom]]
| date_event3            = 22 March 1946
| event_end              = Full independence
| date_end               = 25 May
| year_end               = 1946
| stat_year1             = 1921
| stat_area1             = 
| stat_pop1              = 230,000 (estimate)
| currency               = 
| demonym                = 
| area_km2               = 
| area_rank              = 
| GDP_PPP                = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 
| HDI                    = 
| HDI_year               = 
| p1                     = Arab Kingdom of Syria
| flag_p1                = Flag of Kingdom of Syria (1920-03-08 to 1920-07-24).svg
| p2                     = Interregnum (Transjordan)
| s1                     = Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan
| flag_s1                = Flag of Jordan.svg
| today                  = {{Plain list|
* [[Jordan]]
* [[Saudi Arabia]]
* [[Iraq]]
}}
| footnotes              = 
}}

The '''Emirate of Transjordan''' ({{Langx|ar|إمارة شرق الأردن|Imārat Sharq al-Urdun|the emirate east of the [[Jordan River|Jordan]]}}), officially the '''Amirate of Trans-Jordan''', was a [[British protectorate]] established on 11 April 1921,<ref name="HistoryP">{{cite book |author1=Reem Khamis-Dakwar |author2=Karen Froud |date=2014 |title=Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics XXVI: Papers from the annual symposium on Arabic Linguistics. New York, 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctjLBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA31 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |page=31 |isbn=978-9027269683 |access-date=2 August 2015 |archive-date=25 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725233244/https://books.google.com/books?id=ctjLBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA31 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfn|Salibi|1998|p=93}}<ref name=Hussein>[https://www.alhussein.jo/en/the-hashemites/history-hashemites Hashemite Monarchs of Jordan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508062724/https://www.alhussein.jo/en/the-hashemites/history-hashemites |date=8 May 2019 }}, "The Emirate of Transjordan was founded on April 11, 1921, and became the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan upon formal independence from Britain in 1946"</ref> which remained as such until achieving formal independence as the Kingdom of Transjordan in 1946.

After the Ottoman defeat in World War I, the [[Transjordan (region)|Transjordan region]] was administered within [[Occupied Enemy Territory Administration|OETA East]]; after the British withdrawal in 1919, this region gained de facto recognition as part of the Hashemite-ruled [[Arab Kingdom of Syria]], administering an area broadly comprising the areas of the modern countries of [[Syria]] and [[Jordan]]. Transjordan [[Interregnum (Transjordan)|became a no man's land]] following the July 1920 [[Battle of Maysalun]],<ref name=Bentwich/><ref name="Gelber2014">{{cite book |author=Yoav Gelber |title=Jewish-Transjordanian Relations 1921–1948: Alliance of Bars Sinister |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UVihAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA9 |date=22 May 2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-24514-6 |pages=9– |quote=Politically, Transjordan was no-man's-land where the British, the French, Faysal's emissaries, Palestinian nationalists and even Turks were all active in... |access-date=11 April 2019 |archive-date=29 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929035358/https://books.google.com/books?id=UVihAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA9 |url-status=live }}</ref> during which period the British in neighbouring [[Mandatory Palestine]] chose to avoid "any definite connection between it and Palestine".<ref>Lord Curzon in August 1921: "His Majesty's Government are already treating 'Trans-Jordania' as separate from the Damascus State, while at the same time avoiding any definite connection between it and Palestine, thus leaving the way open for the establishment there, should it become advisable, of some form of independent Arab government, perhaps by arrangement with King Hussein or other Arab chiefs concerned.": quote from: [https://books.google.com/books?id=1E_SATQRKjoC&dq=%22assumption+that+Trans-Jordan+forms+part+of+the+area%22&pg=PA317 Empires of the sand: the struggle for mastery in the Middle East, 1789–1923, By Efraim Karsh, Inari Karsh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222082931/https://books.google.com/books?id=1E_SATQRKjoC&pg=PA317&dq=%22assumption+that+Trans-Jordan+forms+part+of+the+area%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QblGT-KABISR0AX6q6SuDg&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22assumption%20that%20Trans-Jordan%20forms%20part%20of%20the%20area%22&f=false |date=22 February 2017 }}</ref> [[Abdullah's entry into Transjordan|Abdullah entered the region in November 1920]], moving to Amman on 2 March 1921; later in the month a [[Cairo Conference (1921)|conference]] was held with the British during which it was agreed that [[Abdullah I of Jordan|Abdullah bin Hussein]] would administer the territory under the auspices of the [[Mandate for Palestine|British Mandate for Palestine]] with a fully autonomous governing system.

The [[Hashemite]] dynasty ruled the protectorate, as well as the neighbouring [[Mandatory Iraq]] and, until 1925, the [[Kingdom of Hejaz]] to the south. On 25 May 1946, the [[emirate]] became the "Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan", achieving full independence on 17 June 1946 when in accordance with the [[Treaty of London (1946)|Treaty of London]] ratifications were exchanged in Amman.

In 1949, after [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank|annexing the West Bank]] in Palestine, and "uniting" both banks of the Jordan river, it was constitutionally renamed the "Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan", commonly referred to as [[Jordan]].