Editing Emmer (section)

{{Short description|Type of wheat}}
{{good article}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Speciesbox
|name = Emmer
|image = Usdaemmer1.jpg
|image_caption = Spikes (ears) of cultivated emmer
|status = LC
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn |last1=Zair |first1=W. |last2=Magos Brehm |first2=J. |year=2017 |title=''Triticum turgidum'' Wild Emmer |page=e.T71786841A71786853 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T71786841A71786853.en}}</ref>
|genus = Triticum
|species = dicoccum
|authority = [[Franz von Paula Schrank|Schrank]] ex [[Gustav Schübler|Schübl.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tropicos.info/Name/25535442 |title=Tropicos.org |access-date=30 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221154/http://tropicos.info/Name/25535442 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|synonyms =
    {{Collapsible list|bullets=true|style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
*''Spelta amylea'' <small>(Ser.) Ser.</small>
*''Triticum amyleum'' <small>Ser.</small>
*''Triticum armeniacum'' <small>(Stolet.) Nevski</small>
*''Triticum arras'' <small>Hochst.</small>
*''Triticum atratum'' <small>Host</small>
*''Triticum cienfuegos'' <small>Lag.</small>
*''Triticum dicoccum'' <small>Schrank.</small><ref name=GRIN/>
*''Triticum dicoccoides''
*''Triticum farrum'' <small>Bayle-Bar.</small>
*''Triticum gaertnerianum'' <small>Lag.</small>
*''Triticum immaturatum'' <small>Flaksb.</small> nom. inval.
*''Triticum ispahanicum'' <small>Heslot</small>
*''Triticum karamyschevii'' <small>Nevski</small>
*''Triticum maturatum'' <small>Flaksb.</small> nom. inval.
*''Triticum palaecocolchicum'' <small>(Menabde) L.B. Cai</small>
*''Triticum palaeocolchicum'' <small>Menabde</small>
*''Triticum subspontaneum'' <small>(Tzvelev) Czerep.</small>
*''Triticum tricoccum'' <small>Schübl.</small>
*''Triticum volgense'' <small>(Flaksb.) Nevski</small>
    }}
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-448565
|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
|access-date=June 30, 2014}}</ref>
|}}

'''Emmer''' is a hybrid species of [[wheat]], producing edible seeds that have been used as food since ancient times. The domesticated types are ''Triticum turgidum'' subsp. ''dicoccum'' and ''T. t. ''conv.'' durum''. The wild plant is called ''T. t.'' subsp. ''dicoccoides''. The seeds have an [[Awn (botany)|awned]] covering, the sharp spikes helping the seeds to become buried in the ground. The principal difference between the wild and the domestic forms is that the ripened seed head of the wild plant [[Shattering (agriculture)|shatters]] and scatters the seed onto the ground, while in the domesticated emmer, the seed head remains intact, thus making it easier for people to harvest the grain.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Weiss |first1=Ehud |last2=Zohary |first2=Daniel |date=October 2011 |title=The Neolithic Southwest Asian Founder Crops |journal=[[Current Anthropology]] |volume=52 |issue=Supplement 4 |page=S240 |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/658367}}</ref>

Along with [[einkorn]], emmer was one of the [[Neolithic founder crops|first crops domesticated]] in the [[Near East]]. It was widely cultivated in the ancient world, but is now a [[Relict (biology)|relict]] crop in mountainous regions of Europe and Asia. Emmer is one of the three grains called [[farro]] in Italy.<ref name=GRIN>{{GRIN|''Triticum turgidum'' subsp. ''dicoccon'' |314587 |access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref>