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Endoscope
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{{Short description|Medical instrument}} [[File:Fetal-endoscope.gif|thumb|Drawing of an endoscope for fetal detection, or "fetoscope"]] An '''endoscope''' is an inspection instrument composed of image sensor, optical [[lens]], light source and mechanical device, which is used to look deep into the body by way of openings such as the mouth or anus. A typical endoscope applies several modern technologies including [[optics]], [[Human factors and ergonomics|ergonomics]], precision mechanics, [[electronics]], and [[software engineering]]. With an endoscope, it is possible to observe lesions that cannot be detected by [[X-ray]], making it useful in [[medical diagnosis]]. An endoscope uses tubes only a few millimeters thick to transfer illumination in one direction and high-resolution video in the other, allowing minimally invasive surgeries.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Süptitz |first1=Wenko |last2=Heimes |first2=Sophie |date=2016-05-15 |title=Photonics: Technical Applications of Light |url=https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/ebooks/PM/Photonics-Technical-Applications-of-Light/eISBN-9781510622678/10.1117/3.2507083 |doi=10.1117/3.2507083|isbn=9781510622678 }}</ref> It is used to examine the internal organs like the throat or [[esophagus]]. Specialized instruments are named after their target organ. Examples include the [[cystoscope]] (bladder), [[Nephroscopy|nephroscope]] (kidney), [[Bronchoscopy|bronchoscope]] ([[bronchus]]), [[arthroscope]] (joints) and [[colonoscope]] (colon), and [[Laparoscopy|laparoscope]] ([[abdomen]] or [[pelvis]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Medical Definition of Endoscope |url=http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3244 |access-date=11 August 2017 |website=Medicinenet.com}}</ref> They can be used to examine visually and diagnose, or assist in surgery such as an [[arthroscopy]].
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