Editing Epiphany Monastery (section)

{{for|the monastery in Kyiv|Brotherhood Monastery}}
{{Coord|display=title|55|45|21.1|N|37|37|23.6|E|region:RU_type:landmark}}
[[File:Moscow 05-2017 img33 Kitay-Gorod.jpg|thumb|300px|The northwestern part of the [[Kitai gorod]]. The Epiphany Monastery may be seen in the foreground.]]
The '''Epiphany Monastery''' ({{langx|ru|Богоявленский монастырь}}, ''Bogoyavlensky monastyr''; better translated as "[[Theophany]] Monastery") is the oldest male [[monastery]] in [[Moscow]],<ref name="orth">[http://www.pravoslavie.ru/put/080118113705 Article on Epiphany monastery, "Pravoslavie", in Russian]</ref> situated in the [[Kitai gorod]], just one block away from the [[Moscow Kremlin]].

According to a legend, it was founded by [[Daniel of Russia|Daniel]],<ref name="orth"/> the first prince of Moscow, around 1296. It is also believed that a would-be [[metropolitan bishop|metropolitan]] [[Alexius, Metropolitan of Moscow|Alexis]] was one of the [[monk]]s at this monastery. Stefan, [[Sergii Radonezhski]]'s older brother, was the first recorded [[hegumen]] of this cloister.

The first stone [[church (building)|church]] at the Bogoyavlensky monastery was founded in 1342. In 1382, the monastery was sacked by [[Tokhtamysh]]'s horde. In 1427, it suffered an outbreak of [[Bubonic plague|pestilence]]. The monastery also survived numerous [[fire]]s, the most important being recorded in 1547, 1551, 1687 and 1737.

The Epiphany monastery has always been under the [[patronage]] of [[grand prince]]s and [[tsar]]s. By the order of [[Ivan the Terrible]], the monastery became a collection facility for [[metayage]], [[quitrent]], and [[fodder]]. In 1584, the tsar donated a substantial amount of money for the remembrance of the disgraced. In 1632, the Epiphany monastery was granted an exclusive right for tax free floating of a certain amount of building materials and firewood. The monastery had its own [[stable]]s, [[forge]] and rented out its own facilities.
[[File:Moscow Bogoyavlensky asv2021-07 img3.jpg|thumb|left|The [[katholikon]] was built between 1693 and 1696.]]

[[Vasili III]], Ivan the Terrible, [[Boris Godunov]], the [[Romodanovsky (family)|Romodanovsky]] [[boyar]]s, Xenia [[Repnin]]a, and others donated some of their sizeable [[estate (house)|estates]] to the monastery. In 1680-1687, the Epiphany monastery was home to a school of the Likhud brothers, which would later be transferred to the [[Zaikonospassky monastery]] and transformed into the famous [[Slavic Greek Latin Academy]].

The now-existing Epiphany [[cathedral]] was consecrated in 1696. A splendid specimen of the [[Muscovite baroque]] style, it incorporated some notable medieval sepulchres. In the 1690s, they also built cells for monks and [[abbot]]'s chamber, which would be re-built in the 1880s. In 1739, a [[belltower]] was erected. By 1744, the monastery had already owned 216 [[peasant]] [[smallholding|homestead]]s and 1014 peasants.  [[File:Memorial lichud brothers moskow.jpg|200px|thumb|The Greek government presented to the monastery a bronze statue of the Greek [[Lichud brothers]], the founders of the [[Slavic Greek Latin Academy]]]]

In 1764, monastic [[real estate]] was confiscated. Thenceforth monastery's staff rarely included more than 17 monks. In 1788, the Epiphany monastery was proclaimed a residence of the [[vicar]]ian [[bishop]] of the Moscow [[Diocese|bishopric]]. In the late 18th century, the buildings enclosing the monastery were rented out to the [[haberdasher]]s.

In 1905-1909, they built the so-called ''dokhodniy dom'', or a building with "office space" for rent. By 1907, The Bogoyavlensky monastery had already had 14 monks and 18 [[novitiate]]s and owned 60 [[desyatina]]s of land. It was also receiving an [[allowance (money)|allowance]] of 1245 [[Russian ruble|rubles]] from the state [[treasury]].

After the [[October Revolution]], the Epiphany monastery was closed down. In 1929, they stopped holding services in the Bogoyavlensky cathedral. The monastic facilities were first transformed into a [[campus]] for students of the Mining Academy and workers, engaged in the [[Rapid transit|subway]] construction, and later - into [[metalwork]]s. In the 1950s, they built an office building on the site of the monastery. The cathedral, belltower, monk cells and abbot's chamber were the only buildings to survive. In May, 1991, the Epiphany monastery was restored and officially returned to the [[Russian Orthodox Church]].