Editing Episodic memory (section)

{{Short description|Memory of autobiographical events}}

'''Episodic memory''' is the [[memory]] of everyday events (such as times, location geography, associated [[emotion]]s, and other contextual information) that can be explicitly stated or conjured. It is the collection of past [[Experience|personal experience]]s that occurred at particular times and places; for example, the party on one's 7th birthday.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schacter |first1=Daniel L. |last2=Gilbert |first2=Daniel T. |last3=Wegner |first3=Daniel M. |name-list-style=vanc |chapter=Semantic and episodic memory |title=Psychology |year=2009 |chapter-url={{Google books|-9x8dngFRe0C|page=185|plainurl=yes}} |pages=[https://archive.org/details/psychology0000scha_e2x8/page/185 185–6] |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=9780716752158 |url=https://archive.org/details/psychology0000scha_e2x8/page/185 }}</ref> Along with [[semantic memory]], it comprises the category of [[declarative memory|explicit memory]], one of the two major divisions of [[long-term memory]] (the other being [[implicit memory]]).<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1017/S0140525X0004440X |title=Précis of Elements of episodic memory |journal=Behavioral and Brain Sciences |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=223–238 |year=2010 |last1=Tulving |first1=Endel |s2cid=144939774 | name-list-style = vanc }}</ref>

The term "episodic memory" was coined by [[Endel Tulving]] in 1972, referring to the distinction between knowing and remembering: ''knowing'' is factual recollection (semantic) whereas ''remembering'' is a feeling that is located in the past (episodic).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Clayton NS, Salwiczek LH, Dickinson A | title = Episodic memory | journal = Current Biology | volume = 17 | issue = 6 | pages = R189–91 | date = March 2007 | pmid = 17371752 | doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2007.01.011 | s2cid = 14032010 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2007CBio...17.R189C }}</ref>

One of the main components of episodic memory is the process of [[Recall (memory)|recollection]], which elicits the retrieval of contextual information pertaining to a specific event or experience that has occurred. Tulving seminally defined three key properties of episodic memory recollection as:
*A [[Time perception|subjective sense]] of time (or [[mental time travel]]) 
*Connection to the [[self]]
*[[Autonoetic consciousness]], a special kind of [[consciousness]] that accompanies the act of remembering, which enables an individual to be aware of the self in a subjective time
Aside from Tulving, others named additional aspects of recollection, including [[Mental image|visual imagery]], narrative structure, retrieval of semantic information and feelings of familiarity.<ref>{{cite journal | author1 = Assabis D |author2=Aguire EA | title = Deconstructing episodic memory with construction | journal = Trends in Cognitive Sciences | volume = 11 | issue = 7 | pages = 299–306 | date = July 2007 | pmid = 17548229 | doi = 10.1016/j.tics.2007.05.001 |s2cid=13939288 }}</ref>

Events that are recorded into episodic memory may trigger episodic learning, i.e. a change in behavior that occurs as a result of an event,<ref>{{cite book | author = Terry WS | date = 2006 | title = Learning and Memory: Basic principles, processes, and procedures | location = Boston | publisher = Pearson Education, Inc }}{{page needed|date=October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Baars BJ, Gage NM | year = 2007 | title = Cognition, Brain, and Consciousness: Introduction to cognitive neuroscience | location = London | publisher = Elsevier Ltd. }}{{page needed|date=October 2018}}</ref> such as a fear of dogs after being bitten by a dog.