Editing Essential patent (section)

{{Licensing of patents}}
An '''essential patent''' or '''standard-essential patent''' ('''SEP''') is a [[patent]] that [[claim (patent)|claims]] an invention that must be used to comply with a [[technical standard]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shapiro |first1=Carl |title=Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard Setting |journal=Innovation Policy and the Economy |date=January 2000 |volume=1 |pages=119–150 |doi=10.1086/ipe.1.25056143 |s2cid=17290328 |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/ipe.1.25056143 |language=en |issn=1531-3468}}</ref> [[Standard-setting organization]]s (SSOs) normally require their members to agree to license their essential patents on [[Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing|fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory]] terms.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sidak |first1=J. G. |title=The Meaning of FRAND, Part I: Royalties |journal=Journal of Competition Law and Economics |date=1 December 2013 |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=931–1055 |doi=10.1093/joclec/nht040|doi-access=free }}</ref> Determining which patents are essential to a particular standard can be complex.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/elizabethwoyke/2011/09/21/identifying-the-tech-leaders-in-lte-wireless-patents/ |title=Identifying The Tech Leaders In LTE Wireless Patents |author=Elizabeth Woyke |date=2011-09-21 |work=Forbes |accessdate=March 10, 2012}}</ref>