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Excavator
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{{Short description|Type of construction equipment}} [[File:An excavator in ((Ourense)), ((Spain))).jpg|thumb|An excavator in [[Ourense]], [[Spain]]]] [[File:Excavator.ogg|thumb|Hydraulic excavator in action]] '''Excavators''' are [[heavy equipment (construction)|heavy construction equipment]] primarily consisting of a [[backhoe|boom]], dipper (or stick), [[Bucket (machine part)|bucket]], and cab on a rotating platform known as the "house".<ref>{{cite news |title=Yandram.com - What is an excavator? What is it made of? |newspaper=Yandram Blog |url=https://yandram.com/blog/what-is-an-excavator/ |access-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129144401/https://yandram.com/blog/what-is-an-excavator/ |archive-date=29 January 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> The modern excavator's house sits atop an undercarriage with [[Caterpillar track|tracks]] or [[wheel]]s, being an evolution of the [[steam shovel]] (which itself evolved into the [[power shovel]] when steam was replaced by diesel and electric power). All excavation-related movement and functions of a hydraulic excavator are accomplished through the use of [[hydraulic fluid]], with [[hydraulic cylinder]]s and [[hydraulic motor]]s,<ref>{{cite news|title=Industrial Expe ..Lasso Gives More Power To The Hy-Mac Elbow|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2507&dat=19620609&id=QOA9AAAAIBAJ&sjid=QkgMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3615,1603500|access-date=29 December 2013|newspaper=The Glasgow Herald|date=June 9, 1962|archive-date=4 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304011335/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2507&dat=19620609&id=QOA9AAAAIBAJ&sjid=QkgMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3615,1603500|url-status=live}}</ref> which replaced winches, chains, and [[steel rope]]s.<ref>{{cite news|title=First Wind Farm In Nh To Begin Operation|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2457&dat=20060109&id=SsA8AAAAIBAJ&sjid=Ey4MAAAAIBAJ&pg=1480,1690624|access-date=29 December 2013|newspaper=Bangor Daily News|date=Jan 9, 2006|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112023524/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2457&dat=20060109&id=SsA8AAAAIBAJ&sjid=Ey4MAAAAIBAJ&pg=1480,1690624|url-status=live}}</ref> Another principle change was the direction of the digging action, with modern excavators pulling their buckets toward them like a dragline rather than pushing them away to fill them the way the first powered shovels did.
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