Editing Exploding head syndrome (section)

{{short description|Syndrome where people perceive loud imagined noises when falling asleep or waking up}}
{{Redirect-distinguish-text|Exploding Head Syndrome|the album by the band [[The Telescopes]]}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            =  Exploding head syndrome
| synonyms        = Episodic cranial sensory shock,<ref name=Go2015/> snapping of the brain,<ref name=Shar2014/> auditory sleep start<ref name=Blom2015/>
| image           =
| width           =
| alt             =
| caption         = Artistic depiction of flash seen from exploding head syndrome
| pronounce       =
| field           = [[Sleep medicine]]
| symptoms        = Hearing loud noises when falling asleep or waking up<ref name=Shar2014/>
| complications   =
| onset           =
| duration        = Short<ref name=Shar2014/>
| types           =
| causes          = Unknown<ref name=Blom2015/>
| risks           =
| diagnosis       =
| differential    = Nocturnal [[epilepsy]], [[hypnic headaches]], [[nightmare disorder]], [[post-traumatic stress disorder|PTSD]]<ref name=Shar2014/>
| prevention      =
| treatment       = Reassurance, [[clomipramine]], [[calcium channel blockers]]<ref name=Shar2014/>
| medication      =
| prognosis       = Good<ref name=Shar2014/>
| frequency       = ~10% of people<ref name=Shar2014/>
| deaths          =
}}
<!-- Definition and symptoms -->
'''Exploding head syndrome''' ('''EHS''') is an [[parasomnia|abnormal sensory perception during sleep]] in which a person experiences [[Auditory hallucination|auditory hallucinations]] that are loud and of short duration when falling [[asleep]] or [[waking up]].<ref name=Shar2014>{{cite journal|last1=Sharpless|first1=Brian A.|title=Exploding head syndrome|journal=Sleep Medicine Reviews|date=December 2014|volume=18|issue=6|pages=489–493|doi=10.1016/j.smrv.2014.03.001|pmid=24703829}}</ref><ref name=Cep2014>{{cite journal|last1=Frese|first1=A.|last2=Summ|first2=O.|last3=Evers|first3=S.|title=Exploding head syndrome: Six new cases and review of the literature|journal=Cephalalgia|date=6 June 2014|volume=34|issue=10|pages=823–827|doi=10.1177/0333102414536059|pmid=24907167|s2cid=31675696}}</ref> The noise may be frightening, typically occurs only occasionally, and is not a serious health concern.<ref name=Shar2014/> People may also experience a flash of light.<ref name=Cer2018/> Pain is typically absent.<ref name=Shar2014/>

<!-- Cause and diagnosis -->
The cause is unknown.<ref name=Blom2015>{{cite book | author = Blom JD | title = The Human Auditory System - Fundamental Organization and Clinical Disorders | year = 2015 | chapter = Auditory hallucinations | journal = Handb Clin Neurol | volume = 129 | pages = 433–55 | doi = 10.1016/B978-0-444-62630-1.00024-X | pmid = 25726283 | series = Handbook of Clinical Neurology | isbn = 9780444626301 | s2cid = 6192827 }}</ref> Potential organic explanations that have been investigated but ruled out include ear problems, [[temporal lobe seizure]], nerve dysfunction, or specific [[Mutation|genetic changes]].<ref name=Shar2014/> Potential risk factors include [[psychological stress]].<ref name=Shar2014/> It is classified as a [[sleep disorder]] or [[headache disorder]].<ref name=Shar2014/><ref name=Cer2018/> People often go undiagnosed.<ref name=Cer2018>{{cite journal |last1=Ceriani |first1=CEJ |last2=Nahas |first2=SJ |title=Exploding Head Syndrome: a Review. |journal=Current Pain and Headache Reports |date=30 July 2018 |volume=22 |issue=10 |pages=63 |doi=10.1007/s11916-018-0717-1 |pmid=30062616|s2cid=51876942 }}</ref>

<!-- Treatment, epidemiology and history -->
There is no high-quality evidence to support treatment.<ref name=Shar2014/> Reassurance may be sufficient.<ref name=Shar2014/> [[Clomipramine]] and [[calcium channel blockers]] have been tried.<ref name=Shar2014/> While the frequency of the condition is not well studied, some have estimated that it occurs in about 10% of people.<ref name=Shar2014/> Women are reportedly more commonly affected.<ref name=Cer2018/> The condition was initially described at least as early as 1876.<ref name=Shar2014/> The current name came into use in 1988.<ref name=Cer2018/>