Editing Fermilab (section)

{{short description|High-energy particle physics laboratory in Illinois, US}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox laboratory
| name            = Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
| logo            = Fermilab logo.svg
| logo_size       =
| image           = Fermilab satellite.gif
| image_size      = 246
| caption         = A satellite view of Fermilab. The two circular structures are the Main Injector Ring (smaller) and [[Tevatron]] (larger).
| established     = {{start date and age|November 21, 1967}} (as National Accelerator Laboratory)
| budget = $739 million (2024)<ref>{{cite web | title=DOE FY 2025 Congressional Justification | access-date=September 7, 2024 | url=https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2024-03/doe-fy-2025-budget-lab-table.pdf | page = 26 }}</ref>
| type            = [[Accelerator physics]]
| research_field  = Accelerator physics
| director        = [[Young-Kee Kim]] (interim)
| city            = [[Winfield Township, DuPage County, Illinois|Winfield Township, DuPage County]], [[Illinois]], United States
| address         = P.O. Box 500
| coordinates     = {{Coord|41|49|55|N|88|15|26|W|region:US-IL_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| location_map    = USA Illinois
| nickname        = Fermilab
| affiliations    = [[United States Department of Energy|U.S. Department of Energy]]<br />[[University of Chicago]]<br />[[Universities Research Association]]
| nobel_laureates = [[Leon Lederman|Leon Max Lederman]]
| website         = {{URL|fnal.gov}}
}}

'''Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory''' ('''Fermilab'''), located in [[Batavia, Illinois]], near [[Chicago]], is a [[United States Department of Energy]] [[United States Department of Energy National Labs|national laboratory]] specializing in high-energy [[particle physics]].

Fermilab's Main Injector, two miles (3.3 km) in circumference, is the laboratory's most powerful [[particle accelerator]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Bruce |title=Current and Future High Power Operation of Fermilab Main Injector |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239886364 |website=Researchgate |access-date=February 25, 2021}}</ref> The accelerator complex that feeds the Main Injector is under upgrade, and construction of the first building for the new PIP-II linear accelerator began in 2020.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |last1=Biron |first1=Lauren |title=Two construction projects reach major milestones at Fermilab |url=https://news.fnal.gov/2020/07/two-construction-projects-reach-major-milestones-at-fermilab/ |website=Fermilab |date=July 22, 2020 |publisher=United States Government |access-date=February 25, 2021}}</ref> Until 2011, Fermilab was the home of the 6.28&nbsp;km (3.90&nbsp;mi) circumference [[Tevatron]] accelerator. The ring-shaped tunnels of the Tevatron and the Main Injector are visible from the air and by satellite.

Fermilab aims to become a world center in [[neutrino]] physics. It is the host of the multi-billion dollar [[Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment]] (DUNE) now under construction.<ref name=procarionov21>{{cite web |url=https://science.osti.gov/-/media/hep/hepap/pdf/202111/HEPAP_PROCARIO_202111.pdf |title=HEP Project Status, Mike Procario|website=High Energy Physics Advisory Panel November 1–2, 2021 Agenda}}</ref>  The project has suffered delays and, in 2022, the journals ''Science'' and ''Scientific American'' each published articles describing the project as "troubled".<ref name=aaasmar22>{{Cite news |author=Adrian Cho |date=March 29, 2022|publisher=Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/trying-stay-ahead-competition-u-s-pares-down-troubled-3-billion-neutrino-experiment/|title=Trying to stay ahead of competition, U.S. pares down troubled $3 billion neutrino experiment}}</ref><ref name=SciAmApr22>{{cite news |last1=Lewton |first1=Thomas |title=Troubled U.S. Neutrino Project Faces Uncertain Future–and Fresh Opportunities |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/troubled-u-s-neutrino-project-faces-uncertain-future-and-fresh-opportunities/ |access-date=April 13, 2022 |publisher=Scientific American |date=April 13, 2022}}</ref>
Ongoing neutrino experiments are [[ICARUS experiment|ICARUS]] (Imaging Cosmic and Rare Underground Signals) and [[NOνA]] ([[NuMI]] Off-Axis ν<sub>e</sub> Appearance). Completed neutrino experiments include [[MINOS]] (Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search), [[MINOS+]], [[MiniBooNE]] and [[SciBooNE]] (SciBar Booster Neutrino Experiment) and [[MicroBooNE]] (Micro Booster Neutrino Experiment).

On-site experiments outside of the neutrino program include the [[Fermilab E-906/SeaQuest|SeaQuest]] fixed-target experiment and [[Muon g-2]]. Fermilab continues to participate in the work at the [[Large Hadron Collider]] (LHC); it serves as a Tier 1 site in the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid.<ref>{{cite web|author      = National Science Foundation|url         = http://www.uslhc.us/The_US_and_the_LHC/Computing|title       = The US and LHC Computing|access-date  = January 11, 2011|url-status  = dead|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110110155355/http://uslhc.us/The_US_and_the_LHC/Computing|archive-date = January 10, 2011}}</ref> Fermilab also pursues research in quantum information science.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Caine |first1=Paul |title=Argonne, Fermilab at Forefront of 'Transformational' Quantum Research |url=https://news.wttw.com/2020/09/01/argonne-fermilab-forefront-transformational-quantum-research |access-date=March 9, 2021 |publisher=WTTW |date=September 1, 2020}}</ref> It founded the Fermilab Quantum Institute in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Salles |first1=Andre |title=Fermilab launches new institute for quantum science |url=https://news.fnal.gov/2019/11/fermilab-launches-new-institute-for-quantum-science/ |website=Fermilab |date=November 18, 2019 |publisher=United States Government |access-date=March 9, 2021}}</ref> Since 2020, it also is home to the SQMS (Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems) Center.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Biron |first1=Lauren |title=White House Office of Technology Policy, National Science Foundation and Department of Energy announce over $1 billion in awards for artificial intelligence and quantum information science research institutes |url=https://news.fnal.gov/2020/08/white-house-office-of-technology-policy-national-science-foundation-and-department-of-energy-announce-over-1-billion-in-awards-for-artificial-intelligence-and-quantum-information-science-research-in/ |website=Fermilab |date=August 26, 2020 |publisher=United States Government |access-date=March 9, 2021}}</ref>

Due to serious performance issues over the period of a decade, the Department of Energy established new management for Fermilab on January 1, 2025.<ref name="chomarch23">{{cite news |last1=Cho |first1=Adrian |date=March 22, 2023 |title=Major shake-up coming for Fermilab, the troubled U.S. particle physics center |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/major-shake-coming-fermilab-troubled-u-s-particle-physics-center |access-date=March 23, 2023 |publisher=Science}}</ref><ref name="wttwOct2024">{{cite news |last1=Rutecki |first1=Jared |title=US Department of Energy Awards New Fermilab Management Contract Amid Turbulent Period for the Research Facility |url=https://news.wttw.com/2024/10/01/us-department-energy-awards-new-fermilab-management-contract-amid-turbulent-period |access-date=1 October 2024 |publisher=WTTW Investigations |date=1 October 2024}}</ref><ref name="whistleblow">{{cite arXiv |last1=A Group of Whistleblowers from Fermilab |title=Preparing Fermilab to Carry Out the P5 Plan |date=2024 |class=physics.acc-ph |eprint=2407.13924 }}</ref> Fermilab is currently managed by the Fermi Forward Discovery Group, LLC (FFDG).  This consortium is led by the 2007-2024 management group, the Fermi Research Alliance (FRA), with Amentum Environment & Energy, Inc., and Longenecker & Associates as new additions.   Due to the management crisis, the Director of the Laboratory, [[Lia Merminga]], resigned on January 13, 2025  and is temporarily replaced by Acting Director Young-Kee Kim, from the University of Chicago.<ref name="WTTWmermingaresigns">{{cite news |last1=Rutecki |first1=Jared |title=Fermilab Director Resigns Following Announcement of New Management Contractor |url=https://news.wttw.com/2025/01/13/fermilab-director-resigns-following-announcement-new-management-contractor |access-date=13 January 2025 |publisher=WTTW News |date=13 January 2025}}</ref>

Fermilab is a part of the [[Illinois Technology and Research Corridor]]. [[Argonne National Laboratory]], which is another US DOE national laboratory located approximately 20 miles away.

Asteroid [[11998 Fermilab]] is named in honor of the laboratory.