Editing Field-programmable gate array (section)

{{short description|Array of logic gates that are reprogrammable}}
{{Redirect-distinguish|FPGA|Flip-chip pin grid array}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2019}}

[[File:Altera StratixIVGX FPGA.jpg|thumb|A [[Stratix (FPGA)|Stratix IV]] FPGA from [[Altera]]]]
{{multiple image
 | header            = Spartan FPGA from [[Xilinx]]
 | image1            = Xerox ColorQube 8570 - Main controller - Xilinx Spartan XC3S400A-0205.jpg
 | caption1          = [[Integrated circuit packaging|Package]]
 | image2            = Xilinx Spartan FPGA die shot.jpg
 | caption2          = [[Die (integrated circuit)|Die]]
}}

A '''field-programmable gate array''' ('''FPGA''') is a type of configurable [[integrated circuit]] that can be repeatedly programmed after manufacturing. FPGAs are a subset of logic devices referred to as [[programmable logic devices]] (PLDs). They consist of an array of [[programmable logic device|programmable]] [[logic block|logic blocks]] with a connecting grid, that can be configured "in the field" to interconnect with other logic blocks to perform various digital functions. FPGAs are often used in limited (low) quantity production of custom-made products, and in research and development, where the higher cost of individual FPGAs is not as important, and where creating and manufacturing a custom circuit would not be feasible. Other applications for FPGAs include the telecommunications, automotive, aerospace, and industrial sectors, which benefit from their flexibility, high signal processing speed, and parallel processing abilities. 

A FPGA configuration is generally written using a [[hardware description language]] (HDL) e.g. [[VHDL]], similar to the ones used for [[application-specific integrated circuit]]s (ASICs). [[Circuit diagram|Circuit diagrams]] were formerly used to write the configuration.

The logic blocks of an FPGA can be configured to perform complex [[combinational logic|combinational functions]], or act as simple [[logic gate]]s like [[AND gate|AND]] and [[XOR gate|XOR]]. In most FPGAs, logic blocks also include [[Memory cell (computing)|memory elements]], which may be simple [[flip-flop (electronics)|flip-flops]] or more sophisticated blocks of memory.<ref name="FPGA" /> Many FPGAs can be reprogrammed to implement different [[Boolean function|logic functions]], allowing flexible [[reconfigurable computing]] as performed in [[computer software]].

FPGAs also have a role in [[embedded system]] development due to their capability to start system software development simultaneously with hardware, enable system performance simulations at a very early phase of the development, and allow various system trials and design iterations before finalizing the system architecture.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Simpson |first1=P. A.  |date=2015 |title=FPGA Design, Best Practices for Team Based Reuse, 2nd edition |location=Switzerland |publisher=Springer International Publishing AG |page=16 |isbn=978-3-319-17924-7 }}</ref>

FPGAs are also commonly used during the development of ASICs to speed up the simulation process.