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Five solae
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{{short description|Principles of Protestant Christianity}} {{more citations needed|date=September 2016}} {{italic title|string=solae}} {{Five solae}} {{protestantism}} The '''three ''solae''''' or '''five ''solae''''' ({{langx|la|quinque solae}} from the Latin ''{{Lang|la|sola}}'', lit. "alone";<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Derek |title=Basics of Latin: A Grammar with Readings and Exercises from the Christian Tradition |date=2020 |publisher=[[Zondervan Academic]] |page=38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DbG-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA38 |access-date=12 November 2024}}</ref> occasionally [[Anglicisation (linguistics)|Anglicized]] to '''five solas''') of the [[Protestant Reformation]] are a foundational set of [[Christian theology|Christian theological principles]] theorized to be central to the doctrines of [[Justification (theology)|justification]] and [[Salvation in Christianity|salvation]] as taught by the [[Lutheranism]], [[Reformed Christianity|Reformed]] and [[Evangelical]] branches of [[Protestantism]], as well as in some branches of [[Baptist]] and [[Pentecostalism]].<ref name="Wisse 2017">{{cite book |author-last=Wisse |author-first=Maarten |year=2017 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_yk_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA19 |chapter=PART I: Systematic Perspectives β ''Contra et Pro Sola Scriptura'' |editor1-last=Burger |editor1-first=Hans |editor2-last=Huijgen |editor2-first=Arnold |editor3-last=Peels |editor3-first=Eric |title=Sola Scriptura: Biblical and Theological Perspectives on Scripture, Authority, and Hermeneutics |location=[[Leiden]] |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |series=Studies in Reformed Theology |volume=32 |pages=19β37 |doi=10.1163/9789004356436_003 |isbn=978-90-04-35643-6 |issn=1571-4799}}</ref><ref name="Barber2008">{{cite book|last=Barber|first=John|title=The Road from Eden: Studies in Christianity and Culture|year=2008|publisher=Academica Press|language=en|isbn=9781933146348|page=233|quote=The message of the Lutheran and Reformed theologians has been codified into a simple set of five Latin phrases: ''Sola Scriptura'' (Scripture alone), ''Solus Christus'' (Christ alone), ''Sola Fide'' (faith alone), ''Sola Gratia'' (by grace alone) and ''Soli Deo Gloria'' (glory to God alone).}}</ref><ref name="engelder 1916">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/fourhundredyear00daugoog |title=Four Hundred Years: Commemorative Essays on the Reformation of Dr. Martin Luther and Its Blessed |access-date=2015-08-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lmsusa.org/sola.pdf |title=The "Solas" of the Reformation |publisher=Lmsusa.org |access-date=2015-08-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Dyer|first1=Ann|last2=Kay|first2=William|title=European Pentecostalism|year=2011|language=en|isbn=9789004216365|pages=295β296|publisher=BRILL }}</ref> Each ''sola'' represents a key belief in these Protestant traditions that is putatively distinct from the [[Catholic theology|theological doctrine]] of the [[Catholic Church]], although they were not assembled as a theological unit until the 20th century. The [[Protestant Reformers|Reformers]] are known to have only stated two of the five ''solae'' clearly. Even today there are differences as to what constitutes the ''solae,'' how many there are, and how to interpret them to reflect the Reformers' beliefs.
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