Editing Flextime (section)

{{short description|Flexible hours schedule in workdays}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=May 2008}}
{{unclear citations|date=March 2021}}
{{tone|date=March 2021}}
}}
'''Flextime''', also spelled '''flex-time''' or '''flexitime''' ([[British English|BE]]), is a flexible hours [[Schedule (workplace)|schedule]] that allows workers to alter their workday and adjust their start and finish times.<ref name="Gariety, B.S.">{{cite journal |last1=Gariety |first1=Bonnie Sue |last2=Shaffer |first2=Sherrill |title=Wage Differentials Associated with Flextime |journal=Monthly Labor Review |date=2001 |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=68–75 |id={{Gale|A75434903}} |url=https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2001/03/art4full.pdf }}</ref> In contrast to traditional<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1877/479.pdf |title=ADS Chapter 479 Hours of Duty |access-date=2014-11-06 |archive-date=2014-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107052044/http://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1877/479.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Wage labour|work]] arrangements that require [[employee]]s to work a standard 9{{nbsp}}a.m. to 5{{nbsp}}p.m. [[working day|day]], Flextime typically involves a "core" period of the day during which employees are required to be at work (e.g., between 11{{nbsp}}a.m. and 3{{nbsp}}p.m.), and a "bandwidth" period within which all required hours must be worked (e.g., between 5:30&nbsp;a.m. and 7:30&nbsp;p.m.).<ref name="Owen, John D.">{{cite journal |last1=Owen |first1=John D. |title=Flexitime: Some Problems and Solutions |journal=ILR Review |date=January 1977 |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=152–160 |doi=10.1177/001979397703000202 |s2cid=154714704 }}</ref> The working day outside of the core period is "flexible time", in which employees can choose when they work, subject to achieving total daily, weekly or monthly hours within the bandwidth period set by employers,<ref name="Owen, John D." /> and subject to the necessary work being done. The total working time required of employees on an approved Flextime schedule is much the same as those who work under traditional work schedule regimes.<ref name="Owen, John D." />

A flextime policy allows staff to determine when they will work, while a [[flexplace]] policy allows staff to determine where they will work. Advantages include allowing employees to coordinate their work hours with public transport schedules, with the schedules of their children, and with daily traffic patterns to avoid high congestion times such as [[rush hour]]. Some claim that flexible working will change the nature of the way we work.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Thompson|first1=Melissa|title=How Entrepreneurs Can Attract And Retain Talented Millennials Who Prioritize Health|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/melissathompson/2017/02/20/healthy-ways-entrepreneurs-can-attract-top-millennial-talent/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222161432/http://www.forbes.com/sites/melissathompson/2017/02/20/healthy-ways-entrepreneurs-can-attract-top-millennial-talent/|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 22, 2017|access-date=22 February 2017|work=Forbes}}</ref> The idea of flextime was invented by [[Christel Kammerer]] and [[Wilhelm Haller]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.csus.edu/indiv/h/heflintl/group/section-2/group-10/flex%20time.htm|title=New Page 1|website=www.csus.edu|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lebenshaus-alb.de/magazin/002480.html|title=Wilhelm Haller Obituary|website=Lebenshaus Schwäbische Alb|access-date=10 February 2019}}</ref> The [[World Health Organization]] and the [[International Labour Organization]] estimate that over 745,000 people die from [[ischemic heart disease]] or stroke annually worldwide because they have worked 55 hours or more per week, making long working hours the occupational hazard with the largest disease burden.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pega |first1=Frank |last2=Nafradi |first2=Balint|last3=Momen |first3=Natalie |last4=Ujita |first4=Yuka |last5=Streicher |first5=Kai |last6=Prüss-Üstün |first6=Annette |last7=Technical Advisory Group |title=Global, regional, and national burdens of ischemic heart disease and stroke attributable to exposure to long working hours for 194 countries, 2000–2016: A systematic analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury |journal=Environment International |date=2021 |volume=154 |page=106595 |doi=10.1016/j.envint.2021.106595 |pmid=34011457 |pmc=8204267 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021EnInt.15406595P }}</ref>