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Ford Model T
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{{Short description|American car (1908–1927)}} {{Redirect2|T Model|Model T|the financial formula|T-model}} {{Distinguish|Ford T platform}} {{Use mdy dates|date=October 2018}} {{Infobox automobile | image = 1925 Ford Model T touring.jpg | caption = 1925 Ford Model T Touring Car | manufacturer = [[Ford Motor Company]] | production = October 1908 – May 1927 | assembly = {{collapsible list| *United States:<ref name="Assembly">{{cite web |last1=Strohl |first1=Daniel |title=The houses that T built (and that built the T): Tracking down the assembly plants of Ford's first distributed production effort |url=https://www.hemmings.com/stories/2018/12/13/the-houses-that-t-built-and-that-built-the-t-tracking-down-the-assembly-plants-of-fords-first-distributed-production-effort |publisher=American City Business Journals |access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Q. Do you have a timeline of Ford Motor Company Assembly Plants? |url=https://askus.thehenryford.org/faq/140528 |publisher=Archives & Library Staff @The Henry Ford |access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref> **[[Detroit]], Michigan **[[Highland Park, Michigan]] **[[Dothan, Alabama]] **[[Atlanta, Georgia]] **[[Denver]], Colorado<ref>{{cite web |title=Ford Assembly Denver Colorado |url=https://www.hemmings.com/stories/2018/12/13/the-houses-that-t-built-and-that-built-the-t-tracking-down-the-assembly-plants-of-fords-first-distributed-production-effort |website=Hemmings Motor News |publisher=American City Business Journals |access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref> **[[Los Angeles]], California **[[San Francisco]], California<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.enquirer.com/editions/1998/05/10/ford10.html |title=Ford motored into Cincinnati long ago |work=The Cincinnati Enquirer |first=Mike |last=Boyer |date=1998-05-10 |access-date=2014-08-23}}</ref> **[[Minneapolis]], Minnesota **[[Saint Paul, Minnesota]] **[[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]] **[[Kansas City, Missouri]] **[[Seattle, Washington]] **[[Portland, Oregon]] **[[Omaha, Nebraska]] **[[Buffalo, New York]] **[[Long Island City]], New York **[[Cincinnati]], Ohio **[[Cleveland]], Ohio<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/269 |title=Ford Model T Plant |work=Cleveland Historical |access-date=2014-08-23}}</ref> **[[Columbus, Ohio]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.columbusmonthly.com/content/stories/2014/07/city-quotient-is-i-often-smell-vanilla-cookies-or-cake-downtown-am-i-just-hungry-or-is-that-for-real.html |title=City Quotient: I often smell something like vanilla cookies or cake when walking Downtown. Am I just hungry, or is that for real? |work=Columbus Monthly |first=Jeff |last=Darbee |date=July 2014 |access-date=2014-08-23 |archive-date=August 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820193106/http://www.columbusmonthly.com/content/stories/2014/07/city-quotient-is-i-often-smell-vanilla-cookies-or-cake-downtown-am-i-just-hungry-or-is-that-for-real.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> **[[Hamilton, Ohio]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rutledge |first1=Mile |title=Did you know: A Henry Ford manufacturing plant helped grow Hamilton |url=https://www.journal-news.com/events/did-you-know-henry-ford-manufacturing-plant-helped-grow-hamilton/IZMzV72HgdxZk6JrOyB6FO/ |publisher=Journal-News |access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref> **[[Dallas]], Texas<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.motortexas.com/doc/ford-model-t-assembly-building-dallas |title=Ford Model T Assembly Building |work=MotorTexas |access-date=2015-08-04}}</ref> **[[Houston, Texas]] **[[Fort Worth, Texas]] **[[Jacksonville, Florida]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Jacksonville, Florida's, Ford plant: A wistful monument of the Great Depression |url=https://www.hemmings.com/stories/2014/08/18/jacksonville-floridas-ford-plant-a-wistful-monument-of-the-great-depression |publisher=American City Business Journals |access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref> **[[New Orleans]] Louisiana<ref>{{cite web |last1=Strohl |first1=Daniel |title=Ford's New Orleans assembly plant added to National Register of Historic Places |url=https://www.hemmings.com/stories/2018/06/28/fords-new-orleans-assembly-plant-added-to-national-register-of-historic-places |publisher=American City Business Journals |access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref> **[[Des Moines, Iowa]] **[[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] **[[Chicago]], Illinois **[[Charlotte, North Carolina]] **[[Fargo, North Dakota]] **[[Indianapolis, Indiana]] **[[Louisville, Kentucky]] **[[Memphis, Tennessee]] **[[Milwaukee]], Wisconsin **[[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania **[[Pittsburgh]], Pennsylvania **[[Kearny, New Jersey]] **[[Oklahoma City, Oklahoma]] **[[Alexandria, Virginia]] **[[Norfolk, Virginia]] **[[Salt Lake City]], Utah *Argentina: [[Buenos Aires]] *Australia:<ref>{{cite web |title=The Ford Model T in Australia |url=https://www.fordmodelt.net/model-t-australia.htm|website=FordModelT.net|access-date=23 March 2025}}</ref> **[[Adelaide]], South Australia **[[Brisbane]], Queensland **[[Fremantle]], Western Australia **[[Geelong]], Victoria *Brazil: [[São Bernardo do Campo]], São Paulo *Canada: **[[Toronto]], Ontario, **[[Walkerville, Ontario|Walkerville]], Ontario, **[[Winnipeg]], Manitoba<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.winnipegrealestatenews.com/publications/real-estate-news/1797 |title=Ford of Canada plant — railway cars brought the parts that were assembled into complete vehicles |first=Bruce |last=Cherney |work=Winnipeg Real Estate News |date=2013-03-14 |access-date=2019-12-17 |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215074024/https://www.winnipegrealestatenews.com/publications/real-estate-news/1797 |url-status=dead }}</ref> **[[Montreal]], Quebec<ref name="Assembly"/> **[[Vancouver]], British Columbia<ref name="Assembly"/> *Chile: [[Santiago]] *Denmark: [[Copenhagen]] *France: [[Bordeaux]] and [[Asnières-sur-Seine]] *Germany: [[Berlin]] *Ireland: [[Cork (city)|Cork]] *Italy: [[Trieste]] *Japan: [[Yokohama]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fordmotorhistory.com/factories/branch_system.php |title=Ford's System of Branch Assembly Plants |access-date=2015-09-15}}</ref> *Mexico: [[Mexico City]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.motorpasion.com.mx/industria/asi-fue-primera-fabrica-autos-mexico-era-ford-comenzo-1925 |title=29 fotos históricas para recordar a la primera fábrica de autos en México: producía 25 Ford Model T al día en 1925 |trans-title=29 historical photos to remember the first car factory in Mexico: it produced 25 Ford Model T per day in 1925 |first=Gerardo |last=García |work=Motorpasión |location=Mexico |language=Spanish |date=2020-06-24 |access-date=2024-01-09}}</ref> *Norway: [[Bergen]] *Spain: [[Cádiz]] and [[Barcelona]] *South Africa: [[Port Elizabeth]] *United Kingdom: [[Manchester]] }} | designer = [[Childe Harold Wills]], main-engineer [[Joseph A. Galamb]] and [[Eugene Farkas]] | class = [[Economy car]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/a3658/4284734/ |title=Top 10 Ford Model T Tech Innovations That Matter 100 Years Later |first=Lindsay |last=Brooke |work=Popular Mechanics |location=US |date=September 25, 2008 |access-date=February 12, 2021}}</ref> | body_style = {{collapsible list| *2-door touring (1909–1911) *3-door touring (1912–1925) *4-door touring (1926–27) *no door [[Roadster (automobile)|roadster]] (1909–1911) *1-door roadster (1912–1925) *2-door roadster (1926–27) *[[Roadster (automobile)|roadster]] [[pickup truck|pickup]] (1925–1927) *2-door [[coupé]] (1909–1912, 1917–1927) *2-door Coupelet (1915–1917) *Town car (1909–1918) *C-cab [[Station wagon|wagon]] (1912) *2-(center) door [[sedan (automobile)|sedan]] (1915–1923) *2-door sedan (1924–1927) *4-door sedan (1923–1927) *Separate chassis were available all years from independent [[coachbuilder]]s }} | layout = [[FMR layout]] | engine = 177 C.I.D. (2.9 L) 20 hp [[straight-4|I4]] | transmission = 2-speed [[planetary gear]] | wheelbase = {{convert|100.0|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert|134|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|1676|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (1912 roadster)<ref name=carsized>{{cite web |title=Ford Model T 1908–1927 |url=https://www.carsized.com/en/ford/model-t/rd/1908/ford/model-t/rd/1908/s/a-z/ford/model-t/ |work=Carsized |location=Switzerland |access-date=2019-08-23 |archive-date=August 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822214408/https://www.carsized.com/en/ford/model-t/rd/1908/ford/model-t/rd/1908/s/a-z/ford/model-t/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | height = {{convert|1860|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (1912 roadster)<ref name=carsized/> | weight = {{convert|1200-1650|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | predecessor = [[Ford Model N]] (1906–1908) | successor = [[Ford Model A (1927–1931)|Ford Model A]] (1927–31) }} The '''Ford Model T''' is an [[automobile]] that was produced by the [[Ford Motor Company]] from October 1, 1908, to May 26, 1927.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gordon |first1=John Steele |author-link=John Steele Gordon |title=10 Moments That Made American Business |url=http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2007/1/2007_1_23.shtml |access-date=2017-03-18 |work=[[American Heritage (magazine)|American Heritage]] |issue=February/March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420194514/http://americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2007/1/2007_1_23.shtml |archive-date=2008-04-20}}</ref> It is generally regarded as the first mass-affordable automobile, which made car travel available to middle-class Americans.<ref>{{Cite news |title=1926 Ford Model T Sports Touring Car |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/2002/09/01/1926-ford-model-t-sports-touring-car/810e313f-4370-44b7-bb76-3282f9de945e/ |access-date=2023-06-02 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> The relatively low price was partly the result of Ford's efficient fabrication, including [[assembly line]] production instead of individual handcrafting.<ref>{{cite web|title=Division of Labor, Assembly Line Thought – The Paradox of Democratic Capitalism|url=http://www.rationalrevolution.net/articles/division_of_labor.htm|last=Price|first=R. G.|publisher=RationalRevolution.net|date=2004-01-29|access-date=2015-03-28}}</ref> The savings from [[mass production]] allowed the price to decline from $780 in 1910 ({{Inflation|US|780|1910|fmt=eq}}) to $290 in 1924 (${{format price|{{Inflation|US|290|1924}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars{{Inflation-fn|US}}).<ref>{{cite book |title=Mass Production, the Stock Market Crash and the Great Depression |last=Beaudreau |first=Bernard C. |year=1996 |publisher=Authors Choice Press|location=New York, Lincoln, Shanghi }}</ref> It was mainly designed by three engineers, [[Joseph A. Galamb]] (the main engineer),<ref name="ceautoclassic">{{cite web |url=https://www.hemmings.com/stories/article/jzsef-galamb |title=József Galamb |first=David |last=Conwill |publisher=Hemmings |location=US |date=2018-09-23 |access-date=2023-06-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceautoclassic.eu/the-110-year-old-ford-model-t-and-the-hungarians-who-made-it-a-success/ |title=The 110-year-old Ford Model T and the Hungarians who made it a success |first1=Pal |last1=Negyesi |work=CE Auto Classic |location=Austria |date=2018-10-24 |access-date=2023-06-25}}</ref> [[Eugene Farkas]], and [[Childe Harold Wills]]. The Model T was [[colloquially]] known as the "'''Tin Lizzie'''".<ref>{{cite web |first=Jennifer |last=Rosenberg |date=January 3, 2019 |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/nickname-tin-lizzie-3976121 |title=Why the Model T Is Called the Tin Lizzie |access-date=March 14, 2022}}</ref> The Ford Model T was named the most influential car of the 20th century in the 1999 [[Car of the Century]] competition, ahead of the [[Mini|BMC Mini]], [[Citroën DS]], and [[Volkswagen Beetle]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/24/automobiles/this-just-in-model-t-gets-award.html|newspaper=The New York Times|last=Cobb|first=James G.|title=This Just In: Model T Gets Award|date=1999-12-24|access-date=2015-03-28}}</ref> Ford's Model T was successful not only because it provided inexpensive transportation on a massive scale, but also because the car signified innovation for the rising middle class and became a powerful symbol of the United States' age of modernization.<ref name=":0" /> With over 15 million sold,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://corporate.ford.com/articles/history/the-model-t.html|title=The Model T|website=Ford Motor Company|access-date=2023-10-03}}</ref> it was the [[List of best-selling automobiles|most sold car in history]] before being surpassed by the [[Volkswagen Beetle]] in 1972.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/beetle-overtakes-model-t-as-worlds-best-selling-car|title=Beetle overtakes Model T as world's best-selling car|website=HISTORY|access-date=2020-03-19}}</ref>
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