Editing Fort Tryon Park (section)

{{Short description|Public park in Manhattan, New York}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox park
| name = Fort Tryon Park
| alt_name =
| photo = 2013 Fort Tryon Park main entrance sign at Margaret Corbin Circle in snow.jpg
| photo_width = 300px
| photo_caption = (2013)
| photo_alt = Fort Tryon Park main entrance sign
| location = [[Hudson Heights, Manhattan|Hudson Heights]]/[[Inwood, Manhattan|Inwood]], [[Manhattan]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|40|51|39|N|73|55|57|W|region:US-NY_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| nearest_city =
| area = {{Convert|67.21|acre|0}}
| elevation = {{Convert|268|ft|m}}
| created = 1935
| designer = [[Olmsted Brothers]]
| etymology = Sir [[William Tryon]]
| operator = [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation|NYC Parks]]
| status = Open all year
| awards =
| open = 6 a.m. to 1 a.m.
| hiking_trails =
| other_info =
| website = {{official|http://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/fort-tryon-park}}
| publictransit = '''[[New York City Subway|Subway]]''': {{NYCS Eighth far north|time=bullets}} to [[190th Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|190th Street]] or [[Dyckman Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|Dyckman Street]]<br />'''[[New York City Bus|Bus]]''': {{NYC bus link|M4|M98|M100|Bx7}}
| embedded = {{Infobox NRHP
| embed                   = yes
| name                    = Fort Tryon Park and [[the Cloisters]]
| nrhp_type               = hd
| location                = Bounded by 190th Street, [[Cabrini Boulevard]], 192nd Street, Bennett Avenue, [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]], [[Riverside Drive (Manhattan)|Riverside Drive]], and [[Henry Hudson Parkway]]<br />[[Manhattan]], [[New York City]]
| coordinates             = {{Coord|40|51|39|N|73|55|57|W|region:US-NY_type:landmark|display=inline}}
| locmapin                = New York City
| built                   = 1935
| architect               = [[Olmsted Brothers]]<ref name=nycland /> ([[Frederick Law Olmsted Jr.]], James W. Dawson)
| architecture            = [[Romanesque Revival architecture|Romanesque]]
| added                   = December 19, 1978
| area                    = {{convert|66.5|acre}}
| refnum                  = 78001870<!--<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2009a}}</ref>--><ref name="NPS p. 1">{{harvnb|National Park Service|1978|ps=.|p=1}}</ref>
| designated_other2_name  = New York City Landmark
| designated_other2_date  = '''[[The Cloisters]]:''' March 19, 1974<ref name="NYCL-Cloisters"/><br />'''Fort Tryon Park:''' September 20, 1983<ref name="NYCL-FtTryon"/>
| designated_other2_abbr  = NYCL
| designated_other2_link  = New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
| designated_other2_color = #FFE978
}}
}}

'''Fort Tryon Park''' is a public park located in the [[Washington Heights, Manhattan|Washington Heights]] and [[Inwood, Manhattan|Inwood]] neighborhoods of the [[borough (New York City)|borough]] of [[Manhattan]] in [[New York City]]. The {{convert|67|acre|ha|abbr=|adj=on}} park is situated on a ridge in [[Upper Manhattan]], close to the [[Hudson River]] to the west. It extends mostly from 192nd Street in the south to [[Riverside Drive (Manhattan)|Riverside Drive]] in the north, and from [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] in the east to the [[Henry Hudson Parkway]] in the west. The main entrance to the park is at [[Margaret Corbin]] Circle, at the intersection of [[Fort Washington Avenue]] and [[Cabrini Boulevard]].

The area was known by the local [[Lenape]] tribe as ''Chquaesgeck'' and by Dutch settlers as ''Lange Bergh'' (Long Hill). During the [[American Revolutionary War]], the [[Battle of Fort Washington]] was fought at the site of the park on November 16, 1776. The area remained sparsely populated during the 19th century, but by the turn of the 20th century, it was the location of large country estates.

Beginning in January 1917, philanthropist [[John D. Rockefeller Jr.]], bought up the "[[Tryon Hall]]" estate of Chicago industrialist [[C. K. G. Billings]] and several others to create Fort Tryon Park.  He engaged the [[Olmsted Brothers]] firm to design the park and hired James W. Dawson to create the planting plan. Rockefeller gave the land to the city in 1931, after two prior attempts to do so were unsuccessful, and the park was completed in 1935. Rockefeller also bought sculptor [[George Gray Barnard]]'s collection of [[medieval art]] and gave it to the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], which from 1935 to 1939 built [[the Cloisters]] in Fort Tryon Park to house the collection.

The park is built on a high formation of [[Manhattan schist]] with igneous [[intrusion]]s and [[glacial striation]]s from the [[Last Glacial Period|last ice age]]. The park's design included extensive plantings of various flora in the park's many gardens, including the Heather Garden, which was restored in the 1980s. Besides the gardens and the Cloisters, the park has extensive walking paths and meadows, with views of the Hudson and [[Harlem River|Harlem]] Rivers. Fort Tryon Park was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on December 19, 1978 and was designated a [[New York City scenic landmark]] in 1983.