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Fred Zinnemann
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{{Short description|American film director (1907–1997)}} {{Use American English|date=June 2021}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2021}} {{Infobox person | name = Fred Zinnemann | image = Fred Zinnemann 1940s.jpg | caption = Zinnemann in the 1940s | birth_name = Alfred Zinnemann | birth_date = {{Birth date|1907|4|29}} | birth_place = [[Rzeszów]], [[Austria-Hungary]] {{small|(now [[Poland]])}}<ref name="rzenews">{{cite web |title=Fred Zinnemann will return to Rzeszów. In August for an extraordinary film festival |url=http://rzeszow-news.pl/fred-zinnemann-wroci-do-rzeszowa-w-sierpniu-na-niezwykly-filmowy-festiwal/ |website=rzeszow-news |date=July 12, 2018 |access-date=October 25, 2018}}</ref><ref name="forbes22">{{cite web |title=The Immigrant who Directed The American Classic High Noon |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson/2018/09/07/the-immigrant-who-directed-the-american-classic-high-noon/ |work=Forbes |access-date=October 25, 2018}}</ref> | death_date = {{Death date and age|1997|3|14|1907|4|29}} | death_place = [[London]], England | alma_mater = [[École nationale supérieure Louis-Lumière]] | occupation = {{hlist|Film director|producer}} | notable_works = {{flatlist| * ''[[High Noon]]'' * ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' * ''[[Oklahoma! (film)|Oklahoma!]]'' * ''[[A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)|A Man For All Seasons]]'' * ''[[Julia (1977 film)|Julia]]'' }} | years_active = 1932–1982 | spouse = {{marriage|Renee Bartlett|1936}} | children = [[Tim Zinnemann]] | awards = '''[[Academy Award for Best Director]]'''<br />1954 ''[[From Here to Eternity]]''<br/>1967 ''[[A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)|A Man for All Seasons]]'' '''[[Academy Award for Best Picture]]'''<br />1967 ''A Man for All Seasons'' '''[[Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Film]]'''<br />1952 ''[[Benjy (film)|Benjy]]'' }} '''Alfred Zinnemann''' (April 29, 1907 – March 14, 1997) was an American<ref name="rzenews" /> film director and producer. He won four [[Academy Awards]] for directing and producing films in various genres, including [[thriller film|thrillers]], [[western (genre)|westerns]], [[film noir]] and [[drama|play]] adaptations. He began his career in Europe before emigrating to the US, where he specialized in [[Short film|shorts]] before making 25 feature films during his 50-year career. He was among the first directors to insist on using authentic locations and for mixing stars with non-professional actors to give his films more realism. Within the film industry, he was considered a maverick for taking risks and thereby creating unique films, with many of his stories being dramas about lone and principled individuals tested by tragic events. According to one historian{{who?|date=September 2024}}, Zinnemann's style demonstrated his sense of "psychological realism and his apparent determination to make worthwhile pictures that are nevertheless highly entertaining."{{citation needed|date=September 2024}} Among his films were ''[[The Search]]'' (1948), ''[[The Men (1950 film)|The Men]]'' (1950), ''[[High Noon]]'' (1952), ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' (1953), ''[[Oklahoma! (film)|Oklahoma!]]'' (1955), ''[[The Nun's Story (film)|The Nun's Story]]'' (1959), [[The Sundowners (1960 film)|''The Sundowners'']] (1960), ''[[A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)|A Man for All Seasons]]'' (1966), ''[[The Day of the Jackal (film)|The Day of the Jackal]]'' (1973), and ''[[Julia (1977 film)|Julia]]'' (1977). His films received 65 Oscar nominations, winning 24; Zinnemann himself was nominated for ten, and won [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]] for ''From Here to Eternity'' (1953), [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] and Best Director for ''A Man for All Seasons'' (1966), and [[Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject)|Best Documentary, Short Subjects]] for ''[[Benjy (film)|Benjy]]'' (1951). Zinnemann directed and introduced a number of stars in their American film debuts, including [[Marlon Brando]], [[Rod Steiger]], [[Pier Angeli]], [[Julie Harris (actress)|Julie Harris]], [[Brandon deWilde]], [[Montgomery Clift]], [[Shirley Jones]] and [[Meryl Streep]]. He directed 19 actors to Oscar nominations, including [[Frank Sinatra]], [[Montgomery Clift]], [[Audrey Hepburn]], [[Glynis Johns]], [[Paul Scofield]], [[Robert Shaw (actor)|Robert Shaw]], [[Wendy Hiller]], [[Jason Robards]], [[Vanessa Redgrave]], [[Jane Fonda]], [[Gary Cooper]] and [[Maximilian Schell]].
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