Editing French First Republic (section)

{{Short description|Constitution governing France, 1792–1804}}
{{Expand language|topic=|langcode=fr|otherarticle=Première République (France)|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox former country
| native_name            = {{native name|fr|République française}}
| conventional_long_name = French Republic
| common_name            = France
| year_start             = 1792
| year_end               = 1804
| era                    = {{Plainlist|
*[[French Revolutionary Wars]] 
*[[Napoleonic Wars]]
}}
| event_pre              = 
| date_pre               = 
| event_start            = [[Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy|Abolition of the French monarchy]]
| date_start             = 22
September
| event1                 = [[Reign of Terror]]
| date_event1            = 10 March 1793 – 27 July 1794
| event2                 = [[Fall of Maximilien Robespierre|Coup of 9–10 Thermidor]]
| date_event2            = 27 July 1794
| event3                 = [[Constitution of the Year III]]
| date_event3            = 6 September 1795
| event4                 = [[Coup of 18 Fructidor]]
| date_event4            = 4 September 1797
| event5                 = [[Coup of 30 Prairial VII]]
| date_event5            = 18 June 1799
| event6                 = [[Coup of 18 Brumaire]]
| date_event6            = 9 November 1799
| event7                 = [[Constitution of the Year VIII]]
| date_event7            = 24 December 1799
| event8                 = [[French Revolutionary Wars]] end
| date_event8            = 27 March 1802
| event9                 = [[Napoleonic Wars]] begin
| date_event9            = 18 May 1803
| event_end              = Napoleon proclaimed [[Emperor of the French|emperor]]
| date_end               = 18 May
<!-- events over 10 or past end_year not supported:
| event_11             = Officially renamed the "[[First French Empire|French Empire]]"
| date_event11         = 1 January 1809 -->| p1                     = Kingdom of France (1791–92) {{!}} Kingdom of France
| flag_p1                = Flag of France (1790–1794).svg
| p5                     = Comtat Venaissin
| flag_p5                = Flag of Comtat Venaissin.svg
| p6                     = Monaco
| flag_p6                = Lozenge flag of Monaco.svg
| flag_p8                = Royal Standard of the King of France.svg
| s1                     = First French Empire
| flag_s1                = Flag of France.svg
| image_flag             = Flag of France.svg
| flag                   = Flag of France
| flag_type              = National flag from February 1794, in use at sea only
| image_coat             = Coat of Arms of the First French Republic.svg
| symbol                 = National emblem of France
| symbol_type            = Coat of arms of the Republic
| image_map              = French First Republic 1799.svg
| map_caption            = The French First Republic in 1799
{{Plainlist |style=padding-left: 0.6em; text-align: left;|
*{{Legend|#008000|Directly administered}}
*{{Legend|#49C946|[[Sister republic|Sister republics]] and occupied territories}}}}
| image_map2             = France Departement 1801.svg
| image_map2_caption     = The French Republic in 1801, delineating [[Departments of France|departments]]
| capital                = [[Paris]]
| national_motto         = {{lang|fr|[[Liberté, égalité, fraternité]]}}<br/>("Liberty, Equality, Fraternity")
| national_anthem        = "{{lang|fr|[[La Marseillaise|Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin]]}}"<br/>{{Small|("War Song for the Army of the Rhine")}}<br/>{{center|[[File:La Marseillaise Rouget de Lisle Musique de la Garde Républicaine.ogg]]}}
| common_languages       = {{plainlist|
*[[French language|French]] (official)
*[[Occitan language|Occitan]], [[German language|German]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[Breton language|Breton]], [[Basque language|Basque]]}}
| currency               = [[French livre|livre]] (to 1794), [[French franc#French Revolution|franc]], [[assignat]]
| government_type        = {{plainlist|
*1792–1795: [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Classical radicalism|radical]] [[authoritarian]] [[revolutionary republic]]<hr>
*1795–1799: Unitary [[Directorial system|directorial]] [[oligarchy|oligarchical]] republic<hr>
*1799–1804: Unitary [[Bonapartist]] [[Autocracy|autocratic]] republic under a [[military dictatorship]]
}}
| legislature            = [[National Convention]] (''1792–1795'')<br />[[Council of Ancients]] and [[Council of Five Hundred]] (''1795–1799'')<br />[[Sénat conservateur]] and [[Corps législatif]] (''1799–1804'')
| title_leader           = Governments
| leader1                = [[National Convention]]
| year_leader1           = 1792
| leader2                = [[Committee of Public Safety]]
| year_leader2           = 1792–1795
| leader3                = [[French Directory|Directory]]
| year_leader4           = 1799–1805

| leader4                = [[French Consulate|Consulate]]<br><small>[[Napoleon Bonaparte]] as First Consul</small>
| year_leader3           = 1795–1799
| largest_city           = [[Paris]]
| religion               = {{plainlist|
*[[Constitutional Church]]<br/>(until 15 July 1801)
*[[Cult of Reason]]<br/>(October 1793 – March 1794)
*[[Cult of the Supreme Being]]<br/>(7 May 1794 – 28 July 1794)
*[[Decadary Cult]]<br/>(4 August 1798 – 9 November 1799)
*[[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Calvinism]], [[Lutheranism]], and [[Judaism]]<br/>(15 July 1801 – 18 May 1804)}}
| demonym                = [[France|French]]
| iso3166code            = omit
}}

In the [[history of France]], the '''First Republic''' ({{langx|fr|Première République}}), sometimes referred to in [[historiography]] as '''Revolutionary France''', and officially the '''French Republic''' ({{langx|fr|République française|link=no}}), was founded on 21 September 1792 during the [[French Revolution]]. The First Republic lasted until the declaration of the [[First French Empire|First Empire]] on 18 May 1804 under [[Napoleon|Napoléon Bonaparte]], although the form of government changed several times.

On 21 September 1792, the deputies of the Convention, gathered for the first time, unanimously decide the [[Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy|abolition of the constitutional monarchy in France]].<ref>Nicole Dockès, emeritus professor, agrégé des universités, and Annie Héritier, lecturer at the law faculty of the University of Corsica, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=3OORV5uX5Q8C&pg=PA70&dq=%2221+septembre%22+1792+abolition ''Genèse de la notion juridique de patrimoine culturel - 1750-1816''], 2003, 70.</ref>

Although the Republic was never officially proclaimed on 22 September 1792, the decision was made to date the acts from the year I of the Republic. On 25 September 1792, the Republic was declared "one and indivisible". From 1792 to 1802, France was at war with the rest of Europe. It also experienced internal conflicts, including the [[War in the Vendée|wars in Vendée]].

This period was characterised by the downfall and [[Abolition of monarchy|abolition]] of the [[Ancien Régime|French monarchy]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Everdell |first=William R. |year=2000 |title=The End of Kings: A History of Republics and Republicans |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=0-226-22482-1|location=Chicago |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/endofkingshistor00ever}}</ref> the establishment of the [[National Convention]] and the [[Reign of Terror]], the [[Thermidorian Reaction]] and the founding of the [[French Directory|Directory]], and, finally, the [[Coup of 18 Brumaire|creation]] of the [[French Consulate|Consulate]] and Napoleon's rise to power.