Editing Fruit tree propagation (section)

{{Short description|Usually carried out vegetatively by grafting or budding a desired variety onto a suitable rootstock}}
{{Globalize|date=July 2009}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
[[File:Spring Farm Work -- Grafting.jpg|thumb|right|275px|''Grafting'', 1870, by [[Winslow Homer]] {{mdash}} an example of [[grafting]].]]

'''[[Fruit tree]] propagation''' is usually carried out vegetatively (non-sexually) by [[grafting]] or budding a desired variety onto a suitable [[rootstock]].

[[Perennial plant]]s can be propagated either by sexual or vegetative means. [[Sexual reproduction]] begins when a male germ cell ([[pollen]]) from one [[flower]] fertilises a female germ cell ([[ovule]], incipient seed) of the same species, initiating the development of a [[fruit]] containing [[seed]]s. Each seed, when germinated, can grow to become a new specimen tree. However, the new tree inherits characteristics of both its parents, and it will not grow [[True-breeding organism|true]] to the variety of either parent from which it came. That is, it will be a fresh individual with an unpredictable combination of characteristics of its own. Although this is desirable in terms of producing novel combinations from the richness of the [[gene]] pool of the two parent plants (such sexual recombination is the source of new cultivars), only rarely will the resulting new fruit tree be directly useful or attractive to the tastes of humankind. Most new plants will have characteristics that lie somewhere between those of the two parents.

Therefore, from the [[orchard]] grower or gardener's point of view, it is preferable to propagate fruit cultivars vegetatively in order to ensure reliability. This involves taking a cutting (or scion) of [[wood]] from a desirable parent tree which is then grown on to produce a new plant or "[[vegetative reproduction|clone]]" of the original. In effect this means that the original [[Bramley (apple)|Bramley apple]] tree, for example, was a successful variety grown from a pip, but that every Bramley since then has been propagated by taking cuttings of living matter from that tree, or one of its descendants.