Editing Fu Hao (section)

{{Short description|Shang dynasty general, diviner, Queen consort to King Wu Ding}}
{{for|the Chinese diplomat|Fu Hao (diplomat)}}
{{Infobox royalty
| death_date   = {{circa}} 1200 BC
| death_place  = [[Yinxu]], [[Shang dynasty|Shang]]
| consort      = yes
| name         = Fu Hao
| image        = Fu Haocrop.jpg
| caption      = Modern statue of Fu Hao outside her tomb at [[Yinxu]]
| spouse       = King [[Wu Ding]]
| reign        = 
| issue        = [[Zu Ji|Prince Jie]]
| occupation   = *Military general
*Priestess
| dynasty      = [[Shang dynasty|Shang]]
| title        = Queen consort
| titletext    = 
}}

'''Fu Hao''' ({{zh|t=婦好|s=妇好|first=t|p=Fù Hǎo}}){{efn|Several scholars (Childs-Johnson (2003), Zhang Zhenglang (1983, 1986), Chung (1985), etc.) propose that {{lang|zh|婦好}} be read as '''Fù Zǐ''' (lit. "Lady [surnamed] Zi"), interpreting the graph 好 as a [[Chinese character classification#Phono-semantic compounds|phono-semantic compound]] with phonetic 子 and radical 女, which was used "as a heraldic and function and gender classifier" to distinguish women's surnames from men's.<ref>{{ cite conference | last= Childs-Johnson | first= Elizabeth | date= 2003 | chapter= Fu Zi: The Shang Woman Warrior | title= The Fourth International Conference on Chinese Paleography [ICCP] Proceedings| place= Hong Kong | publisher= Chinese University of Hong Kong | pages= 619–651}}</ref>{{rp|620}}}} died {{Circa}} 1200 BC, posthumous [[temple name]] '''Mu Xin''' ({{lang|zh|母辛}}), was one of the many wives of King [[Wu Ding]] of the [[Shang dynasty]] and also served as a military general and high priestess.<ref name=cambridge>{{cite book
| first=Patricia
| last=Ebrey
| year=2006
| title=The Cambridge Illustrated History of China
| publisher=Cambridge University Press
| pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgeillustr00ebre_0/page/26 26]&ndash;27
| isbn=978-0-521-43519-2
| url-access=registration
| url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgeillustr00ebre_0
}}</ref> Fu Hao's life and military achievements are known almost entirely from the contents of her tomb, rather than from [[Chinese historiography|literary records]].

The [[Tomb of Fu Hao]] was unearthed intact in 1976 at [[Yinxu]] by archaeologist [[Zheng Zhenxiang]],{{sfn|Bagley|1999|pp=194-196}}<ref name=TrowelBlazers>{{cite web|title=The First Lady of Chinese Archaeology|date=9 May 2014 |url=http://trowelblazers.com/zheng-zhenxiang/|publisher=TrowelBlazers|access-date=18 October 2015}}</ref> with treasures - known as her 700+ jade objects (Fu Hao was a collector, so some were already antiques), and also her collection of more than 500 bone objects, such as [[oracle bones]] (they were from her role as a religious priestess, and were used in her many rituals). Along with the jade and bone objects, Fu Hao was buried with 6 dogs, and 16 human sacrifices. Inside the pit was evidence of a wooden chamber {{convert|5|m|ft||abbr=off}} long, {{convert|3.5|m|ft|abbr=off}} wide and {{convert|1.3|m|ft|abbr=off}} high containing a [[lacquer]]ed wooden coffin that has since completely disintegrated.<ref name="washUni1">{{cite web |url = http://depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/archae/2fuhmain.htm |title = Shang Tomb of Fu Hao |access-date = August 4, 2007 |last = Buckley Ebrey|first = Patricia |work = A Visual Sourcebook of Chinese Civilization |publisher = [[University of Washington]] }}</ref> The tomb of Fu Hao provides much insight into her life, her relationship with the royal family, and her military role and achievements.

Fu Hao was a close contemporary of the ancient Egyptian pharaoh [[Tutankhamun]], whose tomb was also found generally intact. For this reason, she has been described as the ''Chinese Tutankhamun''.<ref name="a392">{{cite web | last=Archaeology | first=World | title=China unearthed: A hidden history of tombs and offerings | website=The Past – History / Archaeology / Heritage / Ancient World | date=2023-09-21 | url=https://the-past.com/feature/china-unearthed-a-hidden-history-of-tombs-and-offerings/ | access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref><ref name="f977">{{cite web | title=What were the circumstances of Fu Hao’s death? | website=Fu Hao | url=https://hol0022accat.weebly.com/what-were-the-circumstances-of-fu-haorsquos-death.html | access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref><ref name="d512">{{cite web | title=The Chinese Tutankhamun Whose Tomb Was Untouched For 3000 Years | website=The Archaeologist | date=2022-10-28 | url=https://www.thearchaeologist.org/blog/the-chinese-tutankhamun-whose-tomb-was-untouched-for-3000-years | access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref><ref name="d688">{{cite web | title=The Chinese Tutankhamun Whose Tomb Was Untouched For 3000 Years | website=YouTube | date=2024-03-06 | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y1cKMO8w5_Yhttps://www.scmp.com/news/people-culture/article/3274009/meet-3-richest-women-chinese-history-one-being-wealthiest-woman-ever | access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref><ref name="d512">{{cite web | title=The Chinese Tutankhamun Whose Tomb Was Untouched For 3000 Years | website=The Archaeologist | date=2022-10-28 | url=https://www.thearchaeologist.org/blog/the-chinese-tutankhamun-whose-tomb-was-untouched-for-3000-years | access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref>