Editing GABA (section)

{{Short description|Main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain}}
{{others|Gaba (disambiguation)}}
{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields  = changed
| verifiedrevid  = 476992474
| Name           = γ-Aminobutyric acid
| ImageFile      = Gamma-Aminobuttersäure - gamma-aminobutyric acid.svg
| ImageClass     = skin-invert-image
| ImageSize      = 230
| ImageName      = Simplified structural formula
| ImageFile1     = GABA 3D ball.png
| ImageSize1     = 230
| ImageName1     = C=black, H=white, O=red, N=blue
| ImageAlt1      = GABA molecule
| PIN            = 4-Aminobutanoic acid
| OtherNames     = {{Unbulleted list
 |γ-Aminobutanoic acid
 |4-Aminobutyric acid
 |3-Carboxypropylamine
 |Piperidic acid
 |Piperidinic acid
 }}
| pronounce      = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|æ|m|ə|_|ə|ˈ|m|iː|n|oʊ|b|juː|ˈ|t|ɪr|ᵻ|k|_|ˈ|æ|s|ᵻ|d}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|æ|b|ə}} (GABA)
| Section1       = {{Chembox Identifiers
|CASNo=56-12-2
|CASNo_Ref = {{Cascite|correct|CAS}}
|Beilstein = 906818
|ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
|ChEBI = 16865
|ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
|ChEMBL = 96
|KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
|KEGG = D00058
|PubChem=119
|EINECS = 200-258-6
|Gmelin = 49775
|RTECS = ES6300000
|IUPHAR_ligand = 1067
|ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
|ChemSpiderID = 116
|DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
|DrugBank = DB02530
|MeSHName=gamma-Aminobutyric+Acid
|UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
|UNII = 2ACZ6IPC6I
|SMILES=NCCCC(=O)O
|InChI = 1/C4H9NO2/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h1-3,5H2,(H,6,7)
|InChIKey = BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYAC
|StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
|StdInChI = 1S/C4H9NO2/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h1-3,5H2,(H,6,7)
|StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
|StdInChIKey = BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}
| Section2       = {{Chembox Properties
| C=4 | H=9 | N=1 | O=2
|Appearance=white microcrystalline powder
|Density=1.11&nbsp;g/mL
|MeltingPtC=203.7
|BoilingPtC=247.9
|pKa = {{ubl
| 4.031 (carboxyl; H<sub>2</sub>O)
| 10.556 (amino; H<sub>2</sub>O)<ref name="CRC97">{{cite book | editor= Haynes, William M. | year = 2016 | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 97th | publisher = [[CRC Press]] | isbn = 978-1498754286 | pages=5–88 | title-link = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics }}</ref>
}}
|Solubility= 1.2 [ug/mL]  <ref name="pubchem_gaba">{{cite web | url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Gamma-Aminobutyric-Acid#section=Solubility |title=Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (compound) - 3.2.3 Solubility |access-date=24 January 2025}}</ref>
|LogP = −3.17
}}
| Section3       = {{Chembox Hazards
|MainHazards= Irritant, Harmful
|LD50 = 12,680&nbsp;mg/kg (mouse, oral)
}}
}}

'''GABA''' ('''gamma-aminobutyric acid''', '''γ-aminobutyric acid''') is the chief [[inhibitory]] [[neurotransmitter]] in the developmentally mature [[mammal]]ian [[central nervous system]]. Its principal role is reducing [[neuron]]al excitability throughout the [[nervous system]].

GABA is sold as a [[dietary supplement]] in many countries. It has been traditionally thought that exogenous GABA (i.e., taken as a supplement) does not cross the [[blood–brain barrier]], but data obtained from more recent research (2010s) in rats describes the notion as being unclear.<ref name="Kuriyama" /><ref name=":1" />

The [[carboxylate]] form of GABA is '''γ-aminobutyrate'''.